{"id":15515,"date":"2026-04-01T17:59:37","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15515"},"modified":"2026-04-01T17:59:37","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:59:37","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_02_%e7%ac%ac1%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e5%b9%b4%e4%b9%8b%e5%89%8d%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e5%88%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15515","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_02_\u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5230\u5df4\u7279\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e2fce54134 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e2fce54134 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e2fce54134 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e2fce54134 { 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browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_02_\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5230\u5df4\u7279\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p><em>Contemporary\u00a0World Theology<\/em>\uff0c Part one session two\uff0c\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2\u3002Chapter 1. Before 1919.\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae01919\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u3002Contemporary theology\uff0c in a real sense\uff0c was born in the study of a church in Switzerland\uff0c about sixteen miles south of the German border. \u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u4e66\u623f\u90a3\u91cc\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5730\u65b9\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5357\u8fb9\u7684\u8fb9\u5883\u5927\u6982\u670916\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002The inaugurator was a young pastor\uff0cKarl Barth (1886-1968)\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u2014\u2014\u5361\u5c14 \u5df4\u7279\uff081886-1968\uff09\uff0cwho had gone there in 1911\uff0c at the age of 25. \u4ed6\u57281911\u5e74\uff0c25\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53bb\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7267\u4f1a\u3002 And the manifesto of this new theological turning-point in history\uff0c the initial announcement of a new theological era\uff0c came in the form of Barth\u2019s commentary on Romans in 1919.\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8f6c\u8f6c\u6369\u70b9\u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u5df4\u7279\u57281919\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u672c\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff08\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u5e8f\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u5199\u5e8f\u7684\u7f16\u8005\u4e5f\u7279\u522b\u611f\u8c22\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u56fd\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u6211\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f59\u8fbe\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u7279\u522b\u5e73\u53cd\u5df4\u7279\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u63a8\u8350\u5df4\u7279\u628a\u5df4\u7279\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7248\u672c\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u795e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u539f\u6587\uff1aWhat the general significance of that book meant will be sketched in the next chapter of our study.\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u90a3\u91cc\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In this opening chapter\uff0c \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u5377\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0cwe are seeking only to show that even the shifts of theological currents since 1919 are part of a larger ocean\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5c31\u7b97\u662f1919\u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6d77\u6d0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5df2\uff0cand that the difference between\u201cmodern\u201dtheology and \u201ccontemporary\u201d theology is sometimes less a difference and more an emphasis building upon common presuppositions.\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u630719\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\uff09\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u630720\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\uff09\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u8ddf20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d28\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3001\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002Even what has so often been referred to as Barth\u2019s dropping a bombshell in the playground of the theologians\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6709\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8bf4\u5df4\u7279\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b8\u5f39\u4e22\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u91cc\u9762\uff0cmay be more accurately described as a cannonade on one part of the playground from another part of the same playground.\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u4ed6\u53bb\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u9707\u64bc\u5f39\u4ece\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u4e22\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u800c\u5df2\u3002In that sense\uff0c Barth\u2019s so-called \u201cCopernican revolution\u201d began not in 1919\uff0c \u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u57281919\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cbut 200 years before\uff0c\u4e43\u662f200\u5e74\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cin the study of the philosopher-prince of the Enlightenment\uff0cImmanuel Kant (1724-1804).\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u738b\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u9a6c\u5185\u5229\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff081724-1804\uff09\u7684\u4e66\u623f\u90a3\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a200\u5e74\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u76841973\u5e74\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684200\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The idea of the world coming of age did not originate with Dietrich Bonhoeffer.\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u4e86\uff08the world coming of age\uff09\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0d\u662f\u59cb\u4e8e\u6f58\u970d\u534e\uff081906-1945\uff09\u3002It was the theme song of the Renaissance and of the Western Enlightenment era\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u6210\u719f\u662f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u8ddf\u897f\u65b9\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u66f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee516\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ece14\u300115\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u662f\u628a\u5e0c\u814a\u8ddf\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u518d\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e00\u822c\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u630717\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u62ec\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\uff0c1789\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>It was the theme song of the Renaissance and of the Western Enlightenment era\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u66f2\uff0can era that has left its permanent stamp on everything modern.\u800c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u671f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u90fd\u7559\u4e0b\u4ed6\u7684\u523b\u5370\u3002Kant systematized \u201cmodern man\u2019s confidence in the power of reason to grapple with material things and its incompetence to deal with anything beyond.\u201d\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u4e0b\u5217\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u638c\u63e1\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff1b\u800c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u638c\u63e1\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662fColin Brown\uff0c <em>Philosophy and the Christian Faith<\/em>\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u7b2c91\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5f88\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u5b98\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\u3002And in doing so\uff0c he cast a shadow not merely over the nineteenth century but over the twentieth century as well.\u5f53\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u6a2a\u8de819\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e5f\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u3002in 1784\u5e74\uff0cKant summed up the demands of new Enlightenment when he defined it as man\u2019s emergence from his self-inflicted immaturity.\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e43\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u4eba\u4ece\u4ed6\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u91cc\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u52a0\u7ed9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002This immaturity is found in man\u2019s reliance upon any authority external to himself.\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u5728\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4f9d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u90a3\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u3002Enlightenment and autonomy become identical\uff0c\u542f\u8499\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u53d8\u6210\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0cand modern man\u2019s motto becomes \u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u5ea7\u53f3\u94ed\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201cDare to use your own understanding\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u80c6\u6562\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u201d\uff0c\u201cFreedom to think without sanctions\uff0c\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u53bb\u6ca1\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u5730\u53bb\u601d\u8003\uff0cwithout direction external to man himself\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u6765\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u201cAwakening from dogmatic slumber\uff0c\u4ece\u6559\u6761\u7684\u7761\u7720\u4e2d\u88ab\u5524\u9192\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The Christian senses a familiar ring of antiquity to this supposedly new sound.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u66f2\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u8001\u8c03\u91cd\u5f39\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002Satan had also questioned any authority external to man himself in the garden of Eden. \u5728\u4f0a\u7538\u56ed\uff0c\u6492\u65e6\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4eba\u8d28\u7591\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3002\u201cIndeed\uff0c has God said?\u201d he had asked (Gen. 3:1).\u8bda\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c82\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u5417\uff1f\uff08\u521b3\uff1a1\uff09He also invited man to pursue his own free path of Enlightenment.\u6492\u65e6\u4e5f\u9080\u8bf7\u4eba\u53bb\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u542f\u8499\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u201cGod knows\uff0c\u201d he reminded Eve\uff0c \u201cthat in the day you eat from it your eyes will be opened and you will be like God\uff0c knowing good and evil\u201d(Gen. 3:5).\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u63d0\u9192\uff09\u590f\u5a03\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5403\u90a3\u679c\u5b50\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u4f1a\u50cf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u77e5\u9053\u5584\u6076\u201d\uff08\u521b3\uff1a5\uff09\u3002But\uff0c with Kant and the Enlightenment spirit of the modern age\uff0c there had come some new twists to an old angle.\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u548c\u6240\u8c13\u73b0\u4ee3\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0cNo.1\u3002There was\uff0c and is\uff0c a new set of religious presuppositions that mold modern man\u2019s thought.\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4e00\u5957\u65b0\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3001\u9884\u8bbe\u3002Man\uff0c as the image of God\uff0c is always building categories by which he can view himself\uff0cGod\uff0cand the world.\u4eba\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8303\u7574\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002From what the Bible calls man\u2019s \u201cheart\u201d\uff0c from everything that makes him man\uff0c from the center that relates him everywhere and always to God\uff0c \u201cfrom it flow the springs of life\u201d.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5207\u4f7f\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5207\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u6d41\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u7531\u5fc3\u53d1\u51fa\uff08\u7bb44\uff1a23\uff09\u3002For as he thinketh in his heart\uff0c so is he\u201d(Prov. 23:7).\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5fc3\u91cc\u600e\u4e48\u601d\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u600e\u6837\uff08\u7bb423\uff1a7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cheart\u201d of the ancient Greek world had built its religious ground rules around the contradictions of form and matter.\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u3002\u6211\u518d\u8bb2\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08form\uff09\u548c\u7269\u8d28\uff08matter\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u7269\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9644\u5e26\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u7b80\u6cb3\u57f9\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bb2\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e0d\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u795e\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u53d7\u9020\u7684\u3002\u795e\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u62a4\u7406\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u638c\u7ba1\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5411\u4eba\u542f\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u89c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u3001\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4f4d\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u5148\u76f8\u4fe1\u8d77\u521d\u795e\u521b\u9020\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5728\u4e0a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8ddf\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5c31\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\u201c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u62c9\u8fd1\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u8981\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8981\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ee5\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\uff1aIn the Middle Ages\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cthe West had accommodated those basically non-Christian\uff0c covenant-breaking ideas to a new compromise with Christian principles and come up with another set framed around the ideas of nature and grace.\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6297\u62d2\u3001\u80cc\u53db\u3001\u88ab\u7ea6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc1\u5c31\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u539f\u5219\u59a5\u534f\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u6069\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u5728\u8be0\u91ca\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6293\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e86\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u81ea\u7136\uff08nature\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b66\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e2e\u5fd9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u54f2\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6069\u5178\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u3001\u7f6a\u4e0e\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6559\u4f1a\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u6069\u5178\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u542f\u793a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u81ea\u7136\u90a3\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6216\u8005\u79d1\u5b66\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u6069\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Neither religious theme of nature or grace represented purely biblical ground rules for self-understanding.\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u8005\u6069\u5178\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002The presupposition of nature was not the biblical concept of a created world in subjection to its Creator.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u53d7\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u8981\u4f0f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002It was an autonomous sub-structure\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0cthat put the old Greek ideas of form \u2013 matter in a new dress\uff0c modified by new demands.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u628a\u65e7\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5c31\u7a7f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u8863\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56de\u6559\u5f92\u628a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u53e4\u5377\u4ece\u4e9a\u62c9\u6ce2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u975e\u6d32\u8fdb\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8ddf\u6b27\u6d32\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u4e3b\u540e1000\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u65e7\u7ea6\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u53e4\u5377\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u6d6e\u73b0\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u5c31\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5b66\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u2014\u2014\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u662f\u8001\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u8863\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In this compromise\uff0cgrace also lost its distinctively Christian character\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6069\u5178\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0cand became more a perfecting form of superstructure\uff0c \u8fd9\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u8863\uff0crather than a radical act of transformation by the sovereign God.\u6069\u5178\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u6069\u5178\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e2e\u4eba\u4e00\u5fd9\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4eba\u7406\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u697c\u4e0b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u697c\u4e0a\u9760\u6559\u4f1a\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002The Middle Ages\u2019 synthesis of Thomas Aquinas had emancipated natural man from supernatural 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