{"id":15511,"date":"2026-04-01T17:57:38","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15511"},"modified":"2026-04-01T17:57:38","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:57:38","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_03_%e7%ac%ac1%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e5%b9%b4%e4%b9%8b%e5%89%8d%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e5%88%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15511","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_03_\u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5230\u5df4\u7279\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e2fcdb7521 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e2fcdb7521 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e2fcdb7521 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e2fcdb7521 { 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data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player15510\" id=\"player15510\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2019_\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\/\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_03_\u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5230\u5df4\u7279\uff08\u7eed\uff09.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bb2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p><em>Contemporary\u00a0World Theology<\/em>\uff0c Part one session three\uff0c\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bb2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8001\u8c03\u65b0\u8c08\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\uff1aKant and the Enlightenment spirit now made that emancipation more than merely accommodation.\u5eb7\u5fb7\u548c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u4eba\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u4eba\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u59a5\u534f\u800c\u5df2\u3002For the first time in Western civilization\uff0cnature and grace were severed in a consistent\uff0c developed\uff0c self-conscious form.\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u6069\u5178\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u5272\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u9996\u521b\u3002Grace disappeared in the religious thinking of modern man and this place was taken by the category of freedom.\u6069\u5178\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u6d88\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6069\u5178\u3002Man was to be reborn as a completely free and autonomous personality and released from all controls over his thinking. \u4eba\u5fc5\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u91cd\u751f\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5207\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002And\uff0c in this spirit\uff0c even the category of nature\uff0c still retained from the medieval synthesis\uff0c was transformed.\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u81ea\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u603b\u548c\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u9020\u4e86\u3002Nature became a macrocosmic sphere within which human personality could exercise its autonomy.\u81ea\u7531\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u884c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002Nature was interpreted as an infinite field to be controlled by autonomous mathematical thought.\u73b0\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6765\u81eaVincent Brummer\uff0c <em>Transcendental Criticism and Christian Philosophy<\/em>\uff08\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\uff0c1961\u5e74\uff0c98\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u6b63\u6587\uff1aThe history of Western thought and Western theology since Kant it\u2019s a history of how these religious presupposition building on followed Christian capital\uff0cand therefore self contradictory\uff0cmould a new world.\u81ea\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u501f\u7528\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u501f\u7528\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4eba\u672c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u77db\u76fe\u5462\uff1f\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8ddf\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u6240\u5f55\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u201d\u6216\u8005\u662f\u201c\u5f52\u6b63\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u4e4b\u9080\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cThere was\uff0c and is\uff0c a more consistently developed sense of man-centered autonomy.\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002The Enlightenment \u201cheart\u201d had called for an emancipated human freedom\uff0c\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u547c\u5401\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0can autonomous nature where fact was severed from its meaning in God\uff0c and therefore brutalized.\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08fact\uff09\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8131\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08fact\uff09\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u3002This religious attitude produced a quite high assessment of all of man\u2019s capacities\uff0c and especially of human reason as the final authority\uff0c the ultimate criterion for truth.\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u86ee\u4e50\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002Reason and reason alone becomes adequate for judging the world of the phenomenon and the world of the noumenon.\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u7406\u6027\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u5224\u65ad\u73b0\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u771f\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8ddf\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002Noumenon\uff08\u771f\u7406\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u6ce8\u811a\u7b2c\u516d\u53f7\uff08footnote six\uff09\uff1aIt is a most unfortunate feature of the work of the Calvinistic critic\uff0c Francis Schaeffer\uff0cthat\uff0cthough helpful in so many areas\uff0che cannot fully see the radical influence of man\u2019s religious presuppositions on his use of the reason nor the inadequacy of the reason as an ultimate judge.\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\uff0cFrancis Schaeffer\uff08\u859b\u534e\uff09\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u524d\u8bbe\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u8d2f\u5f7b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u859b\u534e\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u89c1\u4eba\u7528\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u591f\u3002As others have well seen\uff0c Schaeffer\u2019s whole presentation is oriented \u201caround the assumption that man must decide for himself whether God\u2019s written revelation is true\u201d.\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u859b\u534e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u5426\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u3002\u6ce8\u811a\u7b2c6.<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u6587\u672c\uff1aFor Kant this autonomy meant the replacing of the Christian concept of \u201cautonomous\u201drevelation\uff0cof the self-authenticating God revealing himself through the Bible\uff0cby man\u2019s autonomous reason.\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u4e3b\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u90a3\u4f4d\u81ea\u6211\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u542f\u793a\u3002\u518d\u6765\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u89c1\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u900f\u8fc7\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7cbe\u795e\u5c31\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u542f\u793a\u201d\u3002In the ultimate sense\uff0c it is \u201cuniversal human reason\u201d which Kant labels as\u201cthe supremely commanding principle.\u201d\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>True religion is to consist not in the knowing or considering of what God does or has done for our salvation but in what we must do to become worthy of it.\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u914d\u9886\u53d7\u6551\u6069\u201d\u3002And of its necessity every man can become wholly certain without any Scriptural learning whatever.\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9e\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684<em>Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone<\/em>\uff08\u300a\u552f\u72ec\u5728\u7406\u6027\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u539f\u84571934\u5e74\uff0c152\u3001123\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u7b80\u6cb3\u57f9\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\uff1aIt is not far from this concept of rational autonomy to Bultmann\u2019s concept of demythologization\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u89c2\u5ff5\u79bb\u5f00\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u53bb\u795e\u8bdd\u5316\uff08demythologization\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0cwhere modern man must create new myths to authenticate the Bible\u2019s demands for self-understanding.\u6839\u636e\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nor is it very far from autonomous reason as judge over revelation to Pannenberg\u2019 s rational analysis of the resurrection narratives as permeated with legends\uff0c\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u5f15\u81f4\u6f58\u80fd\u535a\uff08Pannenberg\uff09\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u662f\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002Or Cullmann\u2019s refusal to credit the Genesis records of creation as authentic\uff0crationally credible history.\u4e5f\u79bb\u5f00\u5e93\u5c14\u66fc\u4e0d\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u5e93\u5c14\u66fc\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u7684\u521b\u9020\u53d9\u8ff0\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u6743\u5a01\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>No.3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0cThere was\uff0c and is\uff0c a more consistently developed relativism.\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d2f\u5f7b\u3002David Hume\uff0c the Scottish philosopher (1711-1776)\uff0c had formulated for the Enlightenment world the problem of knowledge.\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f11\u8c1f\uff081771-1776\uff09\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cthe problem of knowledge\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002His skepticism had questioned whether anyone could prove the existence of anything\uff0c either outside oneself or even oneself.\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u6307\u4ee5\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u8bc1\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u8eab\u5916\u7269\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002Cause and effect\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0cGod as Origin\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0cand man as originated\uff0c\u4eba\u6709\u8d77\u6e90\u7b49\u7b49\uff0call are equally elusive.\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u3002We have the data of our senses\uff0cbut nothing beyond that.\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u4e0a\u6709\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e94\u5b98\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5462\uff1f\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5750\u5728\u6811\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f9\u679c\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\u949f\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u5750\u5728\u6811\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u5929\u5929\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5929\u4e09\u70b9\u949f\u82f9\u679c\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e07\u6709\u5438\u529b\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u6211\u770b\u52301000\u6b21\u82f9\u679c\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e94\u5b98\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Kant took from Hume the problem of knowledge and \u201cgave it back as if it were the solution.\u201d\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u4f11\u8c1f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u518d\u9000\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4f11\u8c1f\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u7b54\u6848\u3002He created two worlds\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u9020\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff1athe world of the phenomena\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6b64\u5cb8\uff09\uff0cand the world of the noumena\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u771f\u7406\u754c\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5f7c\u5cb8\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u3001\u771f\u7406\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b64\u5cb8\u548c\u5f7c\u5cb8\u3002the world perceived by reason through the raw material of the senses\uff0c and the world of God\uff0c freedom and immortality\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e94\u5b98\u89c2\u5bdf\u8ddf\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c38\u751f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u3002regulative ideas which cannot be perceived by reason\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u7406\u754c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6c38\u751f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5bdf\u89c9\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0cbut must have their place in our lives as if they were real objects knowable by reason.\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c38\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u5360\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f88\u9700\u8981\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4eec\u8c08\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u7977\u544a\u3001\u6c38\u751f\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u6c38\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5360\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5047\u88c5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5047\u88c5\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u662fas if they were real objects\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u88c5\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u767d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u5566\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u88c5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ebregulative ideas\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The effect of all of this was\uff0c and is\uff0c devastating.\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u3002God is strait-jacketed by Kant into a sound-proof bulkhead\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7531\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u5b83\u9694\u79bb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u98de\u673a\uff0c\u88ab\u5c01\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4ed3\u91cc\u9762\uff0ctied to the phenomenal world only by Kant\u2019s umbilical cord of man\u2019s need for the idea of God in the world of ethics.\u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u5e1d\u88ab\u5173\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bb2\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff1f\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u3002The door is not closed altogether on God\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5c01\u95ed\uff0cbut it is so small that there is no room for the sovereign God \u201cwhose train fills the temple\u201d (Isa. 6:1) to squeeze through.\u53ef\u662f\u901a\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u901a\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9053\u8def\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u7559\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c\u888d\u5b50\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u5723\u6bbf\uff0c\u957f\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u201d\uff08\u8d5b6\uff1a1\uff09\u3002Similarly\uff0c since man cannot actually perceive things as they are in themselves\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\uff0cthings in themselves\uff08\u5fb7\u6587dinge in sich\uff09\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff08whether in the phenomenal or the noumenal world\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u6216\u8005\u771f\u7406\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff09\uff0che cannot squeeze through that door to know God. \u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6324\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a84\u95e8\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002God has been effectively isolated from man\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u79bb\u4e86\uff0cand\u00a0man\u00a0has\u00a0been\u00a0effectively\u00a0isolated\u00a0from\u00a0God.\u4eba\u53c8\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This isolation of God into the noumenal world is a favorite theme of contemporary theology.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u8fdb\u5230\u771f\u7406\u754c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5230\u5f7c\u5cb8\uff0c\u4e43\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u88ab\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u559c\u7231\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002It is reinforced by existentialism\u2019s increased emphasis on freedom\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u4e86\uff0cand appears\uff0c in modified form\uff0c in Barth\u2019s early writing on God as \u201cthe wholly Other\uff0c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5728\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u201c\u5168\u7136\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u3002as the one who \u201ccannot be explained\uff0c as an object can.\u201d \u5df4\u7279\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\uff08object\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002It reproduces itself in the neo-orthodox division between Historie and Geschichte\uff0c 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