{"id":15503,"date":"2026-04-01T17:52:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15503"},"modified":"2026-04-01T17:52:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:52:52","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_05_%e7%ac%ac2%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e4%b8%80%e4%b9%9d%e5%b9%b4%e4%bb%a5%e9%99%8d%ef%bc%9a%e5%b7%b4%e7%89%b9%e7%9a%84%e7%a5%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15503","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_05_\u7b2c2\u7ae0\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\uff1a\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u795e\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n<div data-video-id=\"\" style=\"--h5vp-reserved-ratio:16 \/ 9\" class=\"wp-block-html5-player-video html5_video_players h5vp-hls-video h5vp-reserving-space\" data-nonce=\"9c1f410dcd\" data-attributes=\"{&quot;is_classic&quot;:true,&quot;provider&quot;:&quot;self-hosted&quot;,&quot;imported&quot;:false,&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uniqueId&quot;:&quot;h5vp1&quot;,&quot;source&quot;:&quot;R0MfFFQHGlM1B00NN1VwXBAzRhRRAFNJCE1wQVVwXRBPNRQtAFMxdU10QF8DWARPLxQtDVMxdE10QlV0UBA3NhRQA1M1Bk0NM1VzWBAzRBQqd1MxAk1wQVVwXRBPNRQtAFMxdU10QF8ULQ1TMXRNdEJVdFAQNzYUUANTNQZNDTNVc1gQM0QUKndTMQJNcEFVcF0QTzUULQBTMXVNdEAvAV1qUzUGTXQ1VXArB1M1Bk10NFVwWBAzNhQqdlNJcE1wQlVzUBBOQBQtAVMyCE0MMlV0XBA0SBRQBVM1BU13T1UILBAzRRQqDFMyBU1wQlVzKhA3RRQtDFNJCE0NMlV0LhA0MxRRdFM1BE13QVVzXBAzRxRQDFMyCE1wQVUIKRBORBQtAlMxBE0MM1V0XRA3NBQpA1kAXQlMGhlCHBsbQ0RQ&quot;,&quot;poster&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;options&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play-large&quot;,&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;current-time&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;,&quot;pip&quot;,&quot;airplay&quot;,&quot;fullscreen&quot;],&quot;settings&quot;:[&quot;captions&quot;,&quot;quality&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;],&quot;loadSprite&quot;:true,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;playsinline&quot;:true,&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;volume&quot;:1,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;hideControls&quot;:true,&quot;resetOnEnd&quot;:true,&quot;tooltips&quot;:{&quot;controls&quot;:true,&quot;seek&quot;:true},&quot;captions&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;update&quot;:true},&quot;ratio&quot;:null,&quot;storage&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;key&quot;:&quot;plyr&quot;},&quot;speed&quot;:{&quot;options&quot;:[&quot;&quot;]},&quot;loop&quot;:{&quot;active&quot;:false},&quot;ads&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:true,&quot;tagUrl&quot;:null},&quot;urls&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:null},&quot;markers&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;points&quot;:[]},&quot;preload&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;},&quot;features&quot;:{&quot;popup&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;selector&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;hasBtn&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;poster&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Watch Video&quot;,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#006BA1&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;padding&quot;:{&quot;top&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;10px&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;20px&quot;}}},&quot;overlay&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;items&quot;:[{&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;backgroundColor&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;fontSize&quot;:&quot;16px&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;logo&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Branding Text&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;top_right&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;logo&quot;,&quot;opacity&quot;:0.7}]},&quot;endScreen&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.&quot;,&quot;btnText&quot;:&quot;Visit&quot;,&quot;btnLink&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;btnStyle&quot;:[]},&quot;thumbInPause&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;default&quot;},&quot;watermark&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;email&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#f00&quot;},&quot;passwordProtected&quot;:{&quot;enabled&quot;:false,&quot;errorMessage&quot;:&quot;Password didn&#039;t matched&quot;,&quot;heading&quot;:&quot;It&#039;s a Password Protected Video. 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   class=\"wp-block-h5ap-tailwind wp-block-h5ap-audioplayer\">\r\n    <\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bb2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p><em>Contemporary\u00a0World Theology<\/em>\uff0c Part one session five\uff0c\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e94\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 2. 1919 and after \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae01919\u5e74\u548c\u4ee5\u540e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u662f\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u662f\u8bb2\u5df4\u7279\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u662f\u8bb2\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff1aIn 1919\uff0c the past of a small church in Switzerland published a commentary so radical in its scope\uff0c1919\u5e74\u745e\u58eb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\uff0cthat one writer has said\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1athe Karl Barth took a letter written in first century Greek and made it a special delivery to twentieth century man.\u5df4\u7279\u62ff\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u5199\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u7528\u5feb\u90ae\u4f20\u9012\u7ed920\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u3002A Catholic theologian speaks of this commentary on Romans\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6837\u8bba\u9053\u8fd9\u672c\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1aas a Copernican revolution in Protestant theology\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\uff09\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0cwhich put an end to the dominance of liberal thought.\u5c31\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u3002Another called the book\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e3a\u201ca bombshell on the playground of the theologians.\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u573a\u4e22\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b8\u5f39\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the second (and fully revised) 1921 edition of Barth&#8217;s commentary was more revolutionary than the first.\u53ef\u80fd1921\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4fee\u8ba2\u8fc7\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f831919\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u3002But\uff0cat any rate\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c1919 provides us with a starting point for contemporary theology\uff0c1919\u5e74\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u4ee3\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f53\u4ee3\u662f\u630720\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5341\u70b9\uff0cand some appreciation of the significance and formative influence of Barth&#8217;s work on that theology.1919\u5e74\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u5c31\u662f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u795e\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>That influence is phenomenal.\u90a3\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u662f\u7a7a\u524d\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002In a sense\uff0c it made all twentieth century theology \u201cthe theology of crisis\u201d.\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4f7f\u6240\u670920\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5371\u673a\u795e\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u6ce8\uff0c\u5371\u673a\u795e\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u5df4\u7279\u81ea\u79f0\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002Barth has dominated the theological climate\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0cformulated the theological questions\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u8981\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cand been at the center of theological debate since 1919.\u81ea\u4ece1919\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u8fa9\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3002 One Scottish theologian calls him\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd9\u6837\u79f0\u4ed6\uff1athe greatest figure in modern theology since Schleiermacher.\u81ea\u4ece\u53f2\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u662fT. F. Torrance\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u80b2\u6700\u6df1\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u8005\u3001\u8ddf\u968f\u8005\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u3002The recently deceased Reinhold Niebuhr\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u5c3c\u5e03\u5c14\uff08Reinhold Niebuhr\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f1973\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0chas asserted that Barth is something of a genius\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u5df4\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5929\u624d\uff0cwith more imagination than any other living theologian.\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u524d\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u90fd\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002A Methodist professor of theology has endorsed this judgment also.\u4e00\u4f4d\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cThere is no doubt that Karl Barth has made a stronger impact upon Protestant theology than any other man of the twentieth century\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f4d20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\uff0cthus far.\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002So varied and far-reaching is his influence\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u591a\u9762\u6027\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0cthat whether one welcomes his ideas or opposes them\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u6b22\u8fce\u6216\u8005\u662f\u654c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cone cannot ignore them\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0cand still gain even an elementary understanding of the present situation in theology.\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5bf9\u73b0\u4eca\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fde\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>What was there in that 1919 -1921 commentary that shook the theological world then and now?\u8fd9\u59571919-1921\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6447\u52a8\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff1fWhat new principles had men felt Barth to be emphasizing that became the legacy of a new theological era?\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u5df4\u7279\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u5462\uff1fOur desire now will be to sketch some of those principles emerging from Barth&#8217;s commentary\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u613f\u610f\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u6ce8\u91ca\u6240\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0cthat seem to have played the most influential part in the shaping of new theological changes.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u53d8\u52a8\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3001\u6700\u5851\u9020\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u5b66\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u3002 A more careful analysis of Barth&#8217;s developed theological perspectives will be outlined in the following chapter.\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u5df4\u7279\u540e\u6765\u6210\u719f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u662f\u6709\u4e94\u70b9\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5177\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u5bf9\u5df4\u7279\u540e\u6765\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u53c8\u662f\u4e94\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0cNo.1\uff0c The neo-orthodox revolt against liberalism was one of the most striking features of the early Barth.\u5df4\u7279\u65e9\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u3002Barth himself had studied under the great liberal theologians\uff0cHarnack and Herrmann\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u54c8\u7eb3\u514b\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\u7684\uff0cand\uff0c until the appearance of his commentary\uff0c was part of this world of thought.\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u3002The Jesus of Barth&#8217;s teacher\uff0c Harnack\uff0c was not the unique\uff0c supernatural Son of God\uff0c\u54c8\u7eb3\u514b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\uff0cbut simply the living embodiment of love and humanistic ideals.\u8036\u7a23\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u7231\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u800c\u5df2\u3002The Bible of Barth&#8217;s teacher\uff0cHerrmann\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5df4\u7279\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\uff0cwas not the infallible Word of God\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u8c2c\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0cbut an extraordinary yet ordinary book\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e0d\u5e73\u51e1\u5374\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u4e66\uff0cfilled with error\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u9519\u8bef\uff0cwhich demanded radical criticism to find truth.\u5fc5\u987b\u4eba\u7528\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6216\u8005\u6279\u5224\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u624d\u627e\u5230\u771f\u7406\u7684\u3002The yardstick for that truth was experience\uff0c feeling.\u800c\u5bfb\u6c42\u771f\u7406\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u6216\u8005\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u8005\u611f\u89c9\u3002The theology of these men\uff0c and of Barth also\uff0cwas Idealism\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0cmarked by a deep streak of pietism\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0cand concern of practical Christian experience.\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In 1919 and\uff0ceven more strongly\uff0cin the 1921 revision\uff0c\u57281919\uff0c\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u662f\u57281921\u5e74\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u91cc\u9762\uff0cBarth sought to repudiate much of this classic liberalism.\u5df4\u7279\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u63a8\u7ffb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u3002World War I and its horrors helped to shatter his dream world.\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6050\u6016\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u7f8e\u68a6\u7834\u788e\u3002Cultured Germany\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u56fd\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\uff0cliberal England\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\uff0cand civilized France\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u56fd\u6cd5\u5170\u65af\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0cwere frighting together like mad animals.\u597d\u50cf\u91ce\u517d\u4e00\u6837\u75af\u72c2\u5730\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f5c\u6218\u3002And hardly had the war begun than Barth&#8217;s theological teachers joined with others in declaring their support for Germany.\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u540c\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e00\u65b9\u3002Barth&#8217;s liberal teachers had been unmasked\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9762\u5177\u88ab\u62c6\u6bc1\u4e86\uff0cas teachers of a religion sprung from a culture and bound to a culture.\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6240\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u6240\u6346\u7ed1\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6559\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Barth&#8217;s commentary on Romans sought to repudiate his former teachers.\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u8bd5\u56fe\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002Liberalism called for a God immanent in the world.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u662f\u4e34\u5728\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002Barth\uff0c in rebellion\uff0c pointed to God only as &#8220;the Wholly Other.&#8221;\u4f46\u662f\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u4e43\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u552f\u72ec\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u5168\u7136\u4ed6\u8005\uff08Wholly Other\uff09\u201d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002The subjectivism of liberalism in the 19th century had put man in the place of God.19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u653e\u5728\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u3002Barth shouted\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u558a\u53eb\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cLet God be God and not man.\u8ba9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u505a\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ed6\u505a\u4eba\u3002\u201dLiberalism had exalted the cultured use of religion.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u9ad8\u4e3e\u7528\u6587\u5316\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u5b97\u6559\uff0cBarth condemned religion as the supreme sin.\u5df4\u7279\u5492\u8bc5\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7f6a\u6076\u3002Liberalism built theology on the foundation of ethics.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u628a\u795e\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e0a\uff0cBarth wanted to build ethics on the foundation of theology.\u5df4\u7279\u8981\u5c3d\u529b\u628a\u4f26\u7406\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1aBarth&#8217;s 1921 commentary proposed a new view of revelation\uff0c one still dominant today.\u5df4\u7279\u76841921\u5e74\u7248\u672c\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\u89c2\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u542f\u793a\u89c2\u3002\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002In opposition to the older liberalism\uff0cBarth sought to stress man&#8217;s need for revelation.\u5df4\u7279\u53cd\u5bf9\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u5bf9\u542f\u793a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002And\uff0c in that spirit\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0che preferred\uff0c above other names for his new ideas\uff0c \u201cthe Theology of the Word of God\u201d.\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u662f\u201c\u795e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u795e\u5b66\uff08Theology of the Word of God\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u9053\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002But Barth\uff0c in his insistence on revelation\uff0c carefully distinguished the Bible from absolute identification with the Word of God.\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5df4\u7279\u575a\u6301\u542f\u793a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u533a\u522b\u51fa\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u7b49\u540c\u3002This\uff0c as we have already noted\uff0c was his Kantian legacy.\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>One may read the Bible without hearing the Word of God\uff0c says Barth.\u5df4\u7279\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u201dThe Bible is merely a &#8220;token\uff0c&#8221;\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7b14\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0cbut\uff0c at the least\uff0c a token through which the Word does come to us.\u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb0\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u4e34\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002The relationship between God and the Bible remains real\uff0c but indirect.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u3002The Bible\uff0c says Barth\uff0c is God&#8217;s Word so far as God speaks through it. . . . \u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u900f\u8fc7\u5723\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cThe Bible therefore becomes God&#8217;s Word in this event. .. .\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u900f\u8fc7\u5b83\u8bb2\u8bdd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u811a8\uff0cKarl Barth\uff0c<em> Church Dogmatics<\/em>\uff0c I\uff0c 1\uff0c pp.123 -124.\u5361\u5c14\u5df4\u7279\u300a\u6559\u4f1a\u6559\u4e49\u5b66\u300b\u2160\/1\uff0c\u7b2c123-124\u9875\u3002\u6211\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u5377\u4e00\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u2160\/1\uff09\u57282018\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7248\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u3002Until it becomes real to us\uff0c until it explodes in our life\uff0c until it speaks to us in the existential situation\uff0c it is not the Word of God.\u5f53\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u5f0f\u7684\u5904\u5883\u91cc\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002Thus\uff0c says Barth\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5df4\u7279\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cthe Bible is a record of past revelation\uff0c and a promise of future revelation.\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u542f\u793a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u542f\u793a\u7684\u671f\u8bb8\uff08promise\uff09\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No.3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff1aBarth&#8217;s commentary introduced also a new method of explaining theology\uff0c\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fa9\u8bc1\uff08dialectic\uff09\uff0c\u8fa8\u8bc1\u6cd5\u3002The name itself quickly became attached to Barth&#8217;s thinking\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8d34\u5728\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\uff0cthough the method itself was borrowed from the writings of the existentialistic philosopher\uff0c Kierkegaard.\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u7941\u514b\u679c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6240\u501f\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u811a9\u53f7\uff08footnote 9\uff09\uff0cThe deeper background to both Kierkegaard and Barth must be the relativistic epistemology of Kant.\u7941\u514b\u679c\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u80cc\u540e\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u3002Francis Schaeffer\uff0c on the contrary\uff0c appears to place greater formative influence on Hegel.\u53ef\u662f\u859b\u534e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7941\u514b\u679c\u8ddf\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u6587\uff0cKierkegaard had said that all theological assertions were paradoxical in character\uff0c and could not be synthesized.\u7941\u514b\u679c\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u201c\u540a\u8be1\u201d\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7ec4\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002Man was simply to retain both elements of the paradox in opposition.\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u201c\u540a\u8be1\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002This act of retention\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u53cc\u65b9\u9762\uff0cwas accomplished in faith.\u662f\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u6210\u5c31\u7684\uff08defined as man&#8217;s highest emotion\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u662f\u4eba\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u3002The acceptance of the paradox is what has been called &#8220;the leap of faith.&#8221;\u800c\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u540a\u8be1\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u5df4\u7279\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u7941\u514b\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u548c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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