{"id":15483,"date":"2026-04-01T17:38:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15483"},"modified":"2026-04-01T17:38:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:38:41","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_10_%e7%ac%ac4%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%bd%a2%e5%bc%8f%e6%89%b9%e5%88%a4%ef%bc%9a%e5%b8%83%e7%89%b9%e6%9b%bc%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%ef%bc%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15483","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_10_\u7b2c4\u7ae0\uff1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\uff1a\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3e4f34dee .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3e4f34dee video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3e4f34dee { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3e4f34dee { overflow:hidden 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support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c\u5341\u8bb2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bb2\u8bb2\u4e86\u5f15\u8a00\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u516d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002In the language of a contemporary form critic\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u8005\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u201cthe work of the Form Critic was designed to show that\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u610f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff1athe message of Jesus as given to us in the Synoptics is\uff0c for the most part\uff0c not authentic\uff0c\u7b26\u7c7b\u798f\u97f3\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u53ef\u3001\u9a6c\u592a\u3001\u8def\u52a0\u798f\u97f3\uff09\u6240\u7559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0cbut was minted by the faith of the primitive Christian community in its various stages.\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7fa4\u4f53\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff08minted\uff09\u3002\u201dFor Bultmann\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cthe Bible is not the inspired Word of God in any objective sense.\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002While God speaks to men through the Bible\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u900f\u8fc7\uff08\u6216\u8005\u501f\u7740\uff09\u5723\u7ecf\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u201cobjectively the Bible is a product of the ancient historical and religious influences\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0cand must be evaluated exactly like any other ancient religious literature.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u597d\u50cf\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u6765\u68c0\u8ba8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No.2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002The fundamental assumption of form criticism is that\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u6d3e\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff1athe Gospels are primarily products of the editing work of the early Christian church.\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002The gospel writers sought to link together various contradictory\uff0c independent oral traditions circulating in the church before the time of the writing of the New Testament.\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u6240\u8bd5\u56fe\u8981\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u88ab\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002These oral traditions are not even themselves totally reliable.\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>They consisted basically of individual sayings and narratives concerning Jesus and His disciples.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002The church used them\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\uff0cand tied them together in narrative form\uff0c\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0cinventing locations\uff0c times\uff0c and linkings to bind the independent traditions together.\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002Such phrases in the Gospels\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5b57\u8bcd\u7684\uff0cas\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201con a ship\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u8239\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c \u201cimmediately\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a \u201d\uff0c\u201cthe next day\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u3001\u6b21\u65e5\u201d\uff0c \u201con a journey\uff0c\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u201d\uff0care all said to be simply literary devices used by the gospel editors\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u4f0e\u4fe9\uff0cto unite all the independent sayings and stories about Jesus.\u628a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u548c\u6545\u4e8b\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u3002As K. L. Schmidt\uff0c one of the pioneers in this method\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u5f00\u8352\u8005K. L. Schmidt\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201cWe do not have the story of Jesus\uff0c we only have stories about Jesus.\u6211\u4eec\u624b\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No.3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002The purpose of the form critical method\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0cis to analyze the history of the oral tradition underlying the written Gospels.\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5206\u6790\u88ab\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002The Gospels serve us only as the raw material for our study to find \u201cthe gospel before the gospels.\u201d\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u201d\u3002Since the assumption is that the early church has organized artificially\uff0c according to its own apologetic and evangelistic purposes\uff0c the material of the Gospels into one harmonious account\uff0c\u7814\u7ecf\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5f88\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5730\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0cthe form critic must destroy that artificial harmony\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u7740\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6bc1\u6389\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u548c\u8c10\uff0ctry to discover the original forms of the oral tradition now embedded in the writing\uff0c\u800c\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6240\u6df1\u690d\u7684\u53e3\u4f20\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0cand then reconstruct the earliest tradition as best he can.\u7136\u540e\u5c3d\u4ed6\u6240\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u6784\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.4\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002The first step in this technique is to admit\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9996\u5148\u627f\u8ba4\uff1athat any indications in the Gospels of sequence\uff0c time\uff0c place\uff0c etc.\uff0c are unhistorical and untrustworthy.\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002We must pare away the framework of the story\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u53bb\u5265\u76ae\uff0cto find the bare skeleton\uff0c\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u8d64\u88f8\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0cof the beginning\uff0c the detached anecdotes and teachings artificially strung together by the early church.\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5f88\u968f\u610f\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u548c\u88ab\u5206\u9694\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u548c\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002When this has been done\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cthe individual passages are classified into such groups\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u7ecf\u6587\u5c31\u88ab\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u7ec4\u522b\uff0cas\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982miracle stories\uff0c\u795e\u8ff9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0ccontroversial sayings\uff0c\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\uff0cprophecies\uff0c\u9884\u8a00\uff0capophthegmata.\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002Each of these groups has a certain fixed form.\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u522b\u6709\u5b83\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002Thus\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cif one finds the individual tradition more or less similar to this fixed form\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0cone can judge whether it belongs to a primary or secondary tradition\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0cto an earlier or later source\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u671f\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0cto a more or less reliable tradition.\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>As one writer has described it\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u201cthe form critic determines the age of gospel stories and sayings by looking at their forms\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u8005\u900f\u8fc7\u770b\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u8ddf\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u5e74\u65e5\u7684\uff0cin the same way as a horse dealer tells the age of horses by looking at their teeth.\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5356\u9a6c\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u770b\u9a6c\u7684\u7259\u9f7f\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u5339\u9a6c\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u201dThe older an account is\uff0c the more reliable it is as a historical source.\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8d8a\u662f\u8001\u65e7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.6\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002The results of this sort of methodology are highly inducive of skepticism\uff0c to say the least.\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u62b1\u7740\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u3002For Bultmann\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cthe historical residuum is found largely in the teachings of Jesus\uff0c not in the record of His deeds\uff0c and even less so in the portrayal of His person.\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002He does not doubt that Jesus lived and did many of the works attributed to Him in the analyzed tradition.\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u5e76\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u8036\u7a23\u66fe\u7ecf\u6d3b\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e5f\u505a\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u3002But he is skeptical about everything else.\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u5c31\u62b1\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002He writes\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201cI do indeed think that we can now know almost nothing concerning the life and personality of Jesus\uff0c\u6211\u8bda\u7136\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u548c\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0csince the early Christian sources show no interest in either\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5176\u4eba\uff09\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0care moreover fragmentary and legendary\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u662f\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u548c\u4f20\u8bf4\uff1band other sources about c about Jesus do not exist.\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For the orthodox Christian\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cthere are formal points of contact between himself and some of Bultmann\u2019s emphases.\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5217\u51fa\u4e94\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.1\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff1aForm criticism reminds us that\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0cthe gospel was\uff0c in fact\uff0c preserved for a generation in oral form before it was reduced to writing in the New Testament.\u798f\u97f3\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u6709\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4ee5\u53e3\u4f20\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff1aForm criticism also reminds us that\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u4e5f\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0cthe Gospels are not \u201cneutral\uff0c impartial\u201d records\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cbut witnesses to the faith of Christian believers.\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e43\u662f\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff1aForm criticism has failed to discover a non-supernatural Jesus.\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u3002All of the New Testament documents\uff0c no matter how form criticism cuts them up\uff0c still reflect a supernatural Jesus\uff0c the Son of God.\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u7ea6\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5207\u5230\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.4\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff1aForm criticism reminds us of the occasional character of the Gospels.\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u6027\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002They were written with a view to the particular historical occasion and situation\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u573a\u5408\u6216\u8005\u5904\u5883\u800c\u5199\u4e0b\u7684\u2014\u2014Matthew to the Jews\uff0c\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5411\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5199\u7684\uff0cMark and Luke to the Gentiles.\u9a6c\u53ef\u548c\u8def\u52a0\u662f\u5411\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u5199\u7684\u3002As such\uff0c they do express a concern for the life situation in which they were written\uff0c and in which they were concerned.\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5199\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff1aForm criticism reminds us that\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\uff0cthe Gospels are not nearly as much interested in geographical details and chronological details as even the orthodox community had formerly thought.\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u751a\u81f3\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u7406\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>But all these points of contact with orthodox Christian views of the gospel are ultimately superficial.\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u6b63\u7edf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u89c2\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u70b9\uff0c\u81f3\u7ec8\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u3002Like Barth\uff0c Bultmann&#8217;s method itself does radical injustice to the nature of the New Testament in basic ways.\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5141\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.1\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff1aAlthough it is true that the Gospels do not always give a chronicle of continuous events\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0cit does not mean\uff0c as form criticism argues\uff0c that there is no trustworthy historical outline for the life of Christ.\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\u50cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u6279\u5224\u8005\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u751f\u5e73\u5927\u7eb2\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u6b21\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u4e94\u70b9\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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