{"id":15443,"date":"2026-04-01T17:15:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15443"},"modified":"2026-04-01T17:15:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T09:15:34","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_20_%e7%ac%ac10%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%e5%ad%a6%e6%b4%be%ef%bc%88%e7%bb%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15443","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_20_\u7b2c10\u7ae0\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3df71abd1 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3df71abd1 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3df71abd1 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3df71abd1 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3df71abd1 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff 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<\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c20\u8bb2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u5386\u53f2\u795e\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u5230No.2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0cPannenberg insists that\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff0cGod&#8217;s revelation does not come to man immediately\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4e34\u5230\u4eba\u7684\uff0cbut always mediately through the events of history.\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e34\u5230\u4eba\u3002And this history in which revelation take place is not a special redemptive revelation known only through faith (which is the argument of the <em>Heilsgeschichte<\/em> school).\u800c\u542f\u793a\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u72ec\u900f\u8fc7\u4fe1\u5fc3\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\u6027\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u662fHeilsgeschichte\uff08\u6551\u6069\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u3002Pannenberg refuses to make any cleavage between salvation history and world history (a common feature of both <em>Heilsgeschichte<\/em> and existentialist views of revelation).\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u62d2\u7edd\u5728\u6551\u6069\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e43\u662f\u6551\u6069\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u542f\u793a\u89c2\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u3002There is no direct\uff0c special revelation of God\uff0c after the fashion of a theophany.\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff08\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u795e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff09\u3002According to Pannenberg\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\uff0cthere is only indirect revelation through historical acts.\u552f\u6709\u900f\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff0cUniversal history\uff0c then\uff0c is the exclusive medium for revelation\uff0c according to Pannenberg.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u542f\u793a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002Not any particular part of history or any strand of history\uff0c but history as a whole is God&#8217;s teacher.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u4e0d\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002Unlike special manifestations of God\uff0c historical revelation is available for anyone who has eyes to see.\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f70\u663e\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u773c\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002It is universal in character.\u5b83\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u904d\u53ca\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u3002Historical knowledge provides the sole basis for faith.\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u4e3a\u4fe1\u5fc3\u63d0\u4f9b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002Faith\uff0c then\uff0c becomes the knowledge of what is true about history.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.4 \u7b2c\u56db\uff0cThe meaning of history can be found only at its end\uff0c not its center (as Cullmann taught).\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u624d\u627e\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5b83\u4e2d\u95f4\u53bb\u627e\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u5e93\u5c14\u66fc\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u3002That end has taken place proleptically in the resurrection of Christ.\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u65e9\u7684\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002Because\uff0c according to Pannenberg\uff0c the resurrection of Christ was the antecedent revelation to the events of the end of the world\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u5b58\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e16\u754c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u4e43\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u524d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff08antecedent revelation\uff09\uff0cthe resurrection enables us to grasp the whole of history.\u590d\u6d3b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002It is the key to understanding everything in history.\u590d\u6d3b\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u767d\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e8b\u3002This emphasis has led many to call Pannenberg&#8217;s thinking a \u201ctheology of the resurrection.\u201d\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u79f0\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.5 \u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff0cUnlike Moltmann\uff0c Pannenberg says he seeks to avoid\uff0c for the most part\uff0c demytoloizing the resurrection.\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u4e0e\u83ab\u7279\u66fc\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bd5\u56fe\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u8981\u907f\u514d\u628a\u590d\u6d3b\u53bb\u795e\u8bdd\u5316\u3002He does not hesitate to call it a historical event.\u4ed6\u4e0d\u8fdf\u7591\u7684\u79f0\u590d\u6d3b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002He calls himself convinced not only that the church&#8217;s s belief in the resurrection is not prefabricated myth (as Bultmann taught)\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4fe1\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u76f8\u4fe1\u6559\u4f1a\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u590d\u6d3b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e2a\u634f\u9020\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u6240\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\uff09\uff0cbut also that the resurrection is historically demonstrable (in opposition to the Heilsgeschichte school).\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u590d\u6d3b\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u6551\u6069\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u3002He refuses to explain the gospel stories of the resurrection wholly as the work of the apostles&#8217; imagination.\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u5168\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u6240\u634f\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002The apostles\uff0c he says\uff0c were too discouraged after the death of Jesus to have talked themselves into believing that Jesus was risen from the dead.\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5931\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u5931\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u7684\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u590d\u6d3b\u4e86\u3002The only satisfactory explanation for their sudden faith\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a81\u7136\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u4e00\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\uff0cwas that Jesus appeared to them.\u8036\u7a23\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u73b0\u4e86\u3002Furthermore\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0cthe early Christian community could not have survived if the tomb of Jesus had not been empty.\u5047\u5982\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u575f\u5893\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u3002An occupied tomb would have destroyed their faith\uff0c\u6709\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u575f\u5893\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u6bc1\u6389\u7684\uff0cand given the Jews a strong argument against the church.\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u7ed9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u67c4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>There is much in Pannenberg&#8217;s claims for which the orthodox Christian can be grateful.\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u800c\u611f\u6069\u3002He has helped to remind the contemporary theological world\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\uff0cthat there is not much of a gap between Bultmann and Barth.\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u548c\u5df4\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5acc\u9699\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f88\u5927\u3002Both refuse to bring Christian faith in relation to the realm of objective knowledge.\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u62c9\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Both are advocates of a dialectical theology\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u90fd\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u63a8\u5d07\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u795e\u5b66\uff0cwhich undermines both historical revelation and the universal validity of Christian truth.\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u5c31\u62c6\u6bc1\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u771f\u7406\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002Pannenberg properly sees that\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u5f88\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u770b\u5230\uff0cthe neo-orthodox denial of the objectivity of revelation is a threat to the very reality of revelation.\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u542f\u793a\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u3002We may also be grateful that\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u611f\u6069\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0che is reminding the theological world that the Christian truth is the one truth for all men.\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u771f\u7406\u662f\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u3002In refuting the neo-orthodox notion that the truth of revelation becomes truth only for individuals by personal appropriation\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u552f\u72ec\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u9886\u53d7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u6240\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\uff0che is stressing the unity of all truth in a way badly needed today.\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u6240\u6709\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5408\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u6781\u5176\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002He has also made it excessively difficult for any modern critic to retain the Bultmannian skepticism toward the resurrection.\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u613f\u610f\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u5bf9\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u6000\u7591\u7684\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0cit would be most unwise to label Pannenberg as a \u201cconservative\u201d or an \u201cevangelical.\u201d\u82e5\u79f0\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u4e3a\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u667a\u6167\u7684\u3002His system of thought is\uff0c by no means\uff0c a return to the emphasis of historic\uff0c biblical Christianity.\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u662f\u56de\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u7684\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0cThough Pannenberg attacks Barth\u2019s and Bultmann\u2019s positions on the relation of faith and history\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u867d\u7136\u62a8\u51fb\u5df4\u7279\u548c\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0cin many respects the Pannenberg group may seem more the heir of neo-orthodoxy than its opponent.\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u5708\u5b50\u6bd4\u8f83\u50cf\u662f\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u3002Along with neo-orthodoxy\uff0c he accepts a view of reality \u201cvirtually the same as that which springs from Kant&#8217;s primacy of the practical reason.\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u89c2\uff08reality\uff09\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5b8c\u5168\u4ece\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u89c2\u4e00\u6837\u3002It is the view of Renaissance man.\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002There is no transition from wrath to grace in history according to the theology of Pannenberg.\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u6124\u6012\u8f6c\u5411\u6069\u5178\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002\u201dThough he condemns the Barthian dialectic in revelation\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u8c34\u8d23\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5728\u542f\u793a\u91cc\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\uff0cand insists that revelation is objective in the form of historical events\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91cc\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0che retains a dialectic bifurcation\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5f0f\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\uff0cby saying revelation is objective in the form of historical events\uff0c but not in concepts.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u201cWhile revelation does take the form of thought\uff0c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u542f\u793a\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0che holds it does not do so authoritatively in the special form of concepts supernaturally given once for all\uff0c as in old Protestant theology.\u867d\u7136\u542f\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5e26\u6709\u6743\u67c4\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u795e\u5b66\u8bf4\u5c31\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u3001\u591a\u6b21\u4e0b\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u8d50\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u3002The Christian tradition is always in development\uff0c he contends\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0cbecause revelation is given \u2018in deeds or acts that remain to be explained.\u2019\u56e0\u4e3a\u542f\u793a\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff08\u6216\u8005\u884c\u52a8\uff09\u6240\u8d50\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u2018\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No.2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0cFrom this dialectic comes Pannenberg&#8217;s refusal to identify the whole Bible with revelation.\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fa9\u8bc1\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u5c31\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u628a\u6574\u672c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002So\uff0c along with neo-orthodoxy\uff0c he accepts much of the results of negative historical criticism.\u56e0\u6b64\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u4e0e\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002He insists over and over again\uff0c\u4ed6\u591a\u6b21\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u575a\u6301\uff0cthat the virgin birth is a myth.\u8036\u7a23\u4ece\u7ae5\u8d1e\u5973\u6240\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\u3002He agrees with Bultmann in asserting that the titles expressing Jesus&#8217; divinity were created by the early church and read back into the lips of Jesus.\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5e03\u7279\u66fc\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u795e\u6027\u7684\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5934\u8854\u5c31\u8bfb\u56de\u53bb\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u53e3\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>No.3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0cHis discussion of the resurrection is also not without several major flaws.\u4ed6\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002He does not accept as completely reliable the resurrection narratives.\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5173\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3002Here too he claims to find inaccuracies and legendary materials in the Gospels.\u5728\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4e5f\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5728\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u8bf4\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002He also asserts that\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u58f0\u79f0\u8bf4\uff0c\u201cin all probability the earthly Jesus\u2019s expectation was not directed toward. . . a privately experienced resurrection from the dead\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u671f\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u79c1\u4eba\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\uff0cbut toward the imminent universal resurrection of the dead\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u671f\u671b\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5230\u6765\u7684\u3001\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6b7b\u4eba\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\uff0cwhich would\uff0c of course\uff0c include himself should his death precede it.\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u666e\u4e16\u590d\u6d3b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In other words\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cJesus mistakenly assumed that His bodily resurrection would coincide with the end of the world and the general resurrection of all believers.\u8036\u7a23\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u590d\u6d3b\u662f\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u3002According to Pannenberg\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\uff0cas late as twenty to thirty years after the death of Jesus\uff0c Paul was still expecting as well this imminent\uff0c ultimate arrival of the resurrected Jesus for judgment\uff0c accompanied by the universal resurrection of the dead.\u5230\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u6b7b\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8981\u5230\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u4e34\u5230\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u5ba1\u5224\u548c\u4e0e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6b7b\u4eba\u590d\u6d3b\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002He claims that one does not find this emphasis in such second-generation writings as the Gospels\uff0c\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\uff0cbecause they now realized that\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0cthe resurrection of Jesus was a special event that happened to Jesus only.\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u8eab\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This position of Pannenberg destroys with the left hand what he has built with the right hand.\u6f58\u80fd\u4f2f\u65e2\u7136\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u53f3\u624b\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5de6\u624b\u62c6\u6bc1\u4e86\u3002It assumes inherent contradiction between the biblical records concerning the resurrection of Jesus.\u4ed6\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u5728\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u6709\u7740\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002Even worse\uff0c\u66f4\u5dee\u52b2\u7684\u662f\uff0cit must assume that Jesus was mistaken about himself and His resurrection.\u8036\u7a23\u5bf9\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u590d\u6d3b\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002It also ignores the vast testimony in the Gospels and in Paul&#8217;s letters\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u91cc\u9762\u8bb8\u591a\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0cwhich assume a lengthy delay between the time of Christ&#8217;s resurrection and His second coming in judgment.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u90fd\u5047\u8bbe\u7740\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u590d\u6d3b\u548c\u4ed6\u518d\u6765\u5ba1\u5224\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u592a24\uff1a42\u300150\uff0c\u592a25\uff1a1-14\uff0c\u53ef8\uff1a38\uff0c\u6797\u524d1\uff1a7\uff0c4\uff1a5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u6b21\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u7b2c\u56db\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\uff0c\u5c31\u6765\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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