{"id":15406,"date":"2026-04-01T16:38:20","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:38:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15406"},"modified":"2026-04-01T16:38:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:38:20","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_28_%e7%ac%ac15%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e6%95%ac%e8%99%94%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15406","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_28_\u7b2c15\u7ae0\uff1a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 .h5vp_video_overlay p { font-size:20px }#h5vp6a3e3e398dec2 { 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<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b6628\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9_\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u59e3\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p><em>Contemporary World Theology<\/em>\uff0cSession 28\u3002\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c28\u8bb2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bb2\u8bb2\u5230\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4ebaSpener\uff0cS-p-e-n-e-r\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u53bb\u9762\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5f0a\u75c5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u662f\uff1a (1) A more extensive use of the Word of God\uff0c\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c(2) A diligent exercise of spiritual priesthood\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u66f4\u52e4\u594b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u7684\u804c\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u8981\u4f8d\u5949\u795e\uff0c(3) The preaching of faith\uff0c\u8981\u591a\u5ba3\u8bb2\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c(4) A loving spirit in controversy\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5728\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c(5) The devotional nurture and pastoral training of theological students.\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u5bf9\u795e\u5b66\u751f\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7075\u4fee\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u548c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u7267\u4e8b\u5de5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002To implement these demands\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0cSpener and fellow colleagues like Francke (1663-1727) gathered the serious minded into small groups for Bible study and mutual assistance in spiritual growth. Spener\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Francke\uff0cF-r-a-n-c-k-e\uff0c\u6cd5\u5170\u79d1\uff081663-1727\uff09\uff0cSpener\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\u5c31\u53ec\u805a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ec4\u6210\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u8bfb\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u6210\u957f\u4e0a\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002He called these gatherings \u201clittle churches inside the church.\u201d\u4ed6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u201c\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u201dHe established centers of fellowship\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u901a\u56e2\u5951\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0cthe collegia pietatis as the groups were called.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u805a\u4f1a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n<p>But the central purpose of these associations of piety was not scholarship\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u656c\u8654\u7684\u8054\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5b66\u672f\uff0cbut evangelism\uff0cthe dissemination of the Word of God through all classes of society.\u4e43\u662f\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u3002Along with this program went a strong self-discipline\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5de5\u540c\u65f6\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0cwhich included abstinence from playing cards\uff0cdancing and the theatre\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e0d\u73a9\u724c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8df3\u821e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u620f\u9662\uff0cand moderation in food\uff0cdrink\uff0cand dress.\u8fd8\u6709\u5728\u996e\u98df\u4e0a\u548c\u7a7f\u7740\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u5ec9\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The movement did not leave untouched also the area of compassion.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5ffd\u7565\u5230\u6148\u60e0\u6216\u8005\u601c\u60af\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002Since Christianity was the practice of a transforming way of life\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0cgood works became the outward expression of that faith.\u90a3\u4e48\u597d\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002Faith was the sun\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5c31\u50cf\u592a\u9633\u4e00\u6837\uff0cgood works were the sun\u2019s rays.\u597d\u884c\u4e3a\u4e43\u662f\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u3002Schools\uff0corphanages\uff0cand other philanthropic organizations were started.\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u529e\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6148\u5584\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002The work of foreign missions was a unique feature of the pietist movement.\u800c\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>As the years passed\uff0cpietism\u2019s influence touched many nations.\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u6708\u7684\u6d41\u901d\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u51fa\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u3002In the eighteenth century\uff0cthe life of John Wesley was molded and rekindled by the fire of pietism.\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u751f\u547d\u662f\u7531\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u706b\u7130\u6240\u5851\u9020\u548c\u70b9\u71c3\u3002And\uff0cthrough Wesley\u2019s preaching and the movement that led the formation of the Methodist Church\uff0crevival came to England.\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u536b\u65af\u7406\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5faa\u9053\u6216\u8005\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u590d\u5174\u6765\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u3002In America\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0cpietism joined forces with Calvinists like Jonathan Edwards to bring revival to the new nation.\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8054\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u628a\u590d\u5174\u5e26\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u7ea6\u62ff\u5355\uff65\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cthe preaching of Dwight L. Moody bore strong traces of pietism\u2019s emphases.\u6155\u8fea\u5148\u751f\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u5e26\u7740\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u3002Once again a fresh interest in the old earmarks of the movement was kindled\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u547d\u8ddf\u4e8b\u5de5\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u7684\u88ab\u70b9\u71c3\u8d77\u6765\u2014devotional preaching\uff0c\u7075\u4fee\u5f0f\u7684\u8bb2\u9053; the uselessness of doctrine when unrelated to life\uff0c\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u65e0\u7528\u6027; abstinence from certain habits\uff0csuch as smoking\uff0cdrinking\uff0ctheatre attendance\uff0cin promotion of the distinctive traits of what came to be called the \u201cseparated life\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u62bd\u70df\u3001\u4e0d\u559d\u9152\u3001\u4e0d\u53bb\u620f\u9662\uff0c\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u751f\u547d\u201d; new passion for foreign missions\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u70ed\u8bda; the establishment of schools where the devotional life could be emphasized.\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u6821\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u7075\u4fee\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002All these emphases remain as an integral part of American \u201cconservative\u201d theology today.\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>But pietism did not stop in America.\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u800c\u5df2\u3002For during this general period\uff0cthe evangelical\uff0cfired by his faith\uff0c\u201cfreely overleaped national boundaries\u201d and carried to the ends of the world his new-found word of hope.\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u70b9\u71c3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u76fc\u671b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e26\u5230\u5730\u6781\u3002<\/p>\n<p>For the first time\uff0cin many Eastern lands\uff0cthe gospel was brought by missionaries\uff0cmany of them deeply touched by pietistic emphases.\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6709\u88ab\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u5e26\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002Now pietism\uff0cthrough the missionary\uff0cleft its stamp on the life of the church in many areas.\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u9762\u7559\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5370\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In Korea\uff0cfor example\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5728\u97e9\u56fd\uff0cit helped to produce a lack of doctrinal preaching and an emphasis on devotional preaching\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u548c\u5bf9\u7075\u4fee\u6027\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0cthe cultivation of the Christian life sometimes largely in terms of the practice of\uff0cor abstinence from\uff0ccertain practices\uff0c\u800c\u57f9\u517b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5; a healthy emphasis on the devotional life and personal evangelism\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u7075\u4fee\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e03\u9053\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03; an early church whose center was the layman and not the minister\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u5e73\u4fe1\u5f92\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7267\u5e08; a stress on emotions rather than intellect\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u60c5\u611f\u591a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u6027\uff0crevival rather than reformation\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u590d\u5174\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u6539\u9769\uff0cintrospection rather than service.\u5f3a\u8c03\u5185\u7701\u591a\u8fc7\u4f8d\u5949\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The positive contribution of pietism is enormous\uff0cand the good far outweighs the bad.\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002It kindled a healthy concern for true piety\uff0cin the face of almost no piety at all.\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u656c\u8654\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u70b9\u71c3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u656c\u8654\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002It improved pastoral training.\u5728\u6559\u7267\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u7740\u5927\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002It breathed spiritual life into what might otherwise have been a dead or sterile substitute for orthodoxy.\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u7075\u547d\u5439\u8fdb\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6b7b\u6c89\u6c89\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b7b\u6c89\u6c89\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>It initiated perhaps the greatest missionary and evangelistic program Christianity has ever known.\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5bfc\u81f4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5386\u53f2\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u3001\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u548c\u5e03\u9053\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002It led to far-reaching and powerful action for the poor and oppressed of many lands.\u5bfc\u81f4\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u751f\u3002It inspired some of the church\u2019s greatest hymns (Charles Wesley) \uff0c\u5b83\u542f\u8fea\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5723\u8bd7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u67e5\u7406\u65af\u536b\u65af\u7406\uff09\uff0cand contributed to some of the world\u2019s greatest music (Handel and Bach).\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u76f4\u63a5\u505a\u8d21\u732e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u97e9\u5fb7\u5c14\u8ddf\u5df4\u54c8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>At the same time\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0cit has weaknesses\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0cwhich have continued to plague the Western\uff0cand now the Eastern\uff0cchurch.\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5371\u5bb3\u5230\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u516d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>NO.1\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002Its stress on experience could easily degenerate into subjectivism and even mysticism.\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u5c31\u5815\u8fdb\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u662f\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002Its emphasis on introspection sometimes degenerated into a morbid preoccupation with the state of the individual soul.\u56e0\u4e3a\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7701\u5bdf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u5815\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6050\u6016\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7075\u547d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002This element forms an especially remarkable parallel with the similar feature of mysticism\uff0cwhich we indicated in an earlier chapter.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u76f8\u50cf\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\u3002The results of this might be seen in the system of liberalism developed by Schleiermacher (1768-1834)\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5185\u7701\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff08\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u5e74\u65e5\u662f1768\u52301834\uff09\uff0cwhose epistemological center was religion as \u201cfeeling.\u201d\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u795e\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u60c5\u611f\uff08feeling\uff09\u3002\u201dSchleiermacher had been trained in a pietist home and a Moravian college.\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u751f\u957f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u548c\u53d7\u6559\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u83ab\u62c9\u7ef4\u5f1f\u5144\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NO.2\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002Emotion was so strongly emphasized in pietism\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0cthat the role of the intellect was seriously harmed.\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u53d7\u635f\u3002Pietism failed to keep spiritual vitality and intellectual vigor in proper balance.\u656c\u8654\u8fd0\u52a8\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7075\u547d\u7684\u6d3b\u6cfc\u548c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002As a result\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cpietism\uff0cas a theological force\uff0cremained then and now relatively sterile.\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u80a1\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u548c\u73b0\u4eca\u90fd\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u3002It remains suspicious of science\uff0cphilosophy\uff0cand the academic world.\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6000\u7591\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NO.3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002It cannot see the wider demands of the Christian faith in areas like politics\uff0csociety\uff0cor labor.\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u52b3\u5de5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002Christianity is said by the pietist to participate in society only insofar as it calls the sinner to repentance and faith in Christ.\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u552f\u72ec\u900f\u8fc7\u547c\u5401\u7f6a\u4eba\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u3002It does not demand a Christian approach to education or science or economics.\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\u3002It demands only that an individual Christian approach education or science or economics.\u552f\u72ec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u6216\u8005\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NO.4\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002Pietism frequently underemphasized doctrine\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6559\u4e49\uff0cand overemphasized the practical frequently.\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3002This lack of doc-played some part in the development of the ecumenical movement mirrored in the World Council of Churches.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u6559\u534f\uff08WCC\uff09\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002And it continues to be evident in that movement\u2019s doctrinal latitudinarianism.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u5408\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u677e\u6563\u6027\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>It also continues to leave pietistically influenced movements more open to theological deviations and perversions.\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8ba9\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5230\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d7\u5230\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u6216\u8005\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002For this reason\uff0cand in view of the strong influence of pietism on the so-called \u201cmission fields\uff0c\u201d\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u5382\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cthere is much room for concern that the \u201cyounger\u201d churches will be easily prone to unbiblical movements and elements.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u6240\u8c13\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u201d\u6559\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002A quick glance at Oosthuizen\u2019s <em>Post Christianity in Africa<\/em> confirms this.\u8bfb\u8005\u5047\u5982\u53bb\u7ffb\u9605\u4e00\u4e0b\u300a\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u540e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NO.5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002Pietism historically has tended also to produce the \u201clittle church within the church\uff0c\u201d\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u201dwith a real danger of what some have called disruption and spiritual pride.\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\u548c\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In the nineteenth century\uff0cthis tendency helped to create interdenominational\uff0cindependent foreign mission agencies\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u673a\u6784\u6210\u7acb\uff0csuch as the justly famous China Inland Mission\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a70\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u5730\u4f1a(now the Overseas Missionary Fellowship\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u57fa\u7763\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684). Such groups\uff0crather skeptical of the holiness of the established churches\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u5723\u6d01\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6000\u7591\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\uff0chave maintained separate existence to the present day\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0cand continue to manifest many of the pietistic emphases we have cited earlier.\u7279\u522b\u662f\u663e\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u3001\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NO.6\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002Pietism tends to allow devotional routines of Bible reading\uff0cprayer\uff0cand church attendance to become a substitute for fuller Christian practice.\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba9\u8bfb\u7ecf\u3001\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u548c\u53c2\u52a0\u6559\u4f1a\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5faa\u4f8b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Its tendency to limit the definition of the Christian life to the four walls of a church building or the abstinence from certain practices produces an abstracted view of \u201cspiritual life.\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u4f1a\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9650\u4e8e\u6559\u4f1a\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7684\u56db\u9053\u5899\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e00\u4e9b\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002The wider responsibilities of love and peace and longsuffering can sometimes take second place\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u5fcd\u8010\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6210\u4e3a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\uff0cto a stronger emphasis on prohibitions regarding smoke or drink.\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u4fe1\u5f92\u62bd\u70df\u8ddf\u559d\u9152\u3002\u201cThese ought ye to have done and not to leave the other undone . . .\u201d (Matt. 23:23).\u592a23\uff1a23\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u5f53\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>End of CHAPTER XV\uff0c\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u8bb2\u8bb2\u7b2c16\u7ae0\uff0cDISPENSATIONALISM\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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