{"id":15398,"date":"2026-04-01T16:34:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:34:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15398"},"modified":"2026-04-01T16:34:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:34:35","slug":"%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%86%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6_30_%e7%ac%ac17%e7%ab%a0%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e8%a6%81%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15398","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_30_\u7b2c17\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 .h5vp_video_overlay p { font-size:20px }#h5vp6a3e3df3c3773 { 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Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player15397\" id=\"player15397\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2019_\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\/\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66_30_\u7b2c17\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66 30\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n<p><em>Contemporary World Theology<\/em>\uff0cSession 30\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u7b2c30\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>CHAPTER XVII\u00a0 FUNDAMENTALISM<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9_\u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u59e3\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c17\u7ae0\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Fundamentalism\uff09\u3002One of the most vilified words in today\u2019s theological vocabulary is \u201cfundamentalism.\u201d\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cc\u7528\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u201d\u3002Even Asia has not escaped this pattern.\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002Emil Brunner\uff0cone of the world\u2019s leaders of neo-orthodoxy\uff0cvisited Korea in 1949\uff0c1949\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u9886\u8896\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u62dc\u8bbf\u8fc7\u97e9\u56fd\uff0cand commented that \u201cKorea is open for the gospel but fundamentalism prevents Korea from becoming Christian!\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u5bf9\u798f\u97f3\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u62e6\u963b\u97e9\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\uff01And all this because of a man-made\uff0cjudaistic theory which has nothing to do whatever with the New Testament message of Jesus. . . .\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u5236\u9020\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Since 1949\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cthe language has become stronger.\u8bed\u6c14\u5c31\u66f4\u91cd\u4e86\u3002Dr. Harold Hong\uff0cthe president of the Methodist Seminary\uff0cSeoul\uff0csays\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u9996\u5c14\u7684\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u957fHarold Hong\uff08\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u8bf4\uff0cthat \u201cextreme fundamentalism\u201d has been the predominant theological trend in the Korean church.\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u503e\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u201cObscurantism\uff0cPuritan ethics\uff0cand sectarian perfectionism have been playing a dominant role in the churches.\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u5f0f\u7684\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u548c\u515a\u6d3e\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201dDr. Kim Chaichoon attacks the theological education of what he calls Korea\u2019s \u201cstrict fundamentalism\uff0c\u201d\u4e00\u4f4d\u91d1\u535a\u58eb\uff08Dr. Kim\uff0cChai\uff0cC-h-a-i\uff0cchoon\uff0cc-h-o-o-n\uff09\u6279\u8bc4\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u4e49\uff0cas \u201ca kind of indoctrination of certain fundamental creeds\uff0cwith no room for objective criticism. . . .\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u8981\u6559\u6761\u7684\u6d17\u8111\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u2026\u2026The outlook of churchmen tended to become extremely other-worldly\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8131\u79bb\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u6216\u8005with a strong legalistic and mystical bias.\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f88\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662fC.C. Kim\u535a\u58eb\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201dDr. Rhee Jong-sung\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4dDr. Rhee (R-h-e-e; Jong\uff0cJ-o-n-g; sung\uff0cs-u-n-g)\uff0cpresident of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary\uff0cSeoul\uff0c\u662f\u9996\u5c14\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u9662\u957f\uff0chas called fundamentalism \u201cneo-Pharisaism.\u201d\u79f0\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5229\u8d5b\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002Fundamentalism is accused of isolating the church from a knowledge of liberal theology\uff0cof extremism\uff0cof obscurantism.\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u63a7\u544a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba9\u6559\u4f1a\u5b64\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u62e6\u963b\u6559\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u56fa\u5b88\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3002Are the charges true?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u544a\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5417\uff1fWhat is fundamentalism?\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Part of the difficulty in answering these charges comes from one\u2019s definition of fundamentalism and one\u2019s understanding of its historical background and presuppositions.\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u63a7\u544a\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u5728\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>A second difficulty comes from the theological presuppositions which the examiner himself brings into his investigation.\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u96be\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5ba1\u6838\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5f80\u5f80\u5e26\u8fdb\u5230\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ddf\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u3002Generally\uff0cthis second factor plays a very large role in contemporary criticism.\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u626e\u6f14\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p>One would expect Emil Brunner to criticize fundamentalism\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u9884\u671f\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u6279\u8bc4\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff0csince he has no sympathy for one of the basic doctrines of fundamentalism\u2014faith in an infallible Bible.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u672c\u65e0\u8c2c\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>And when one remembers the leading part Dr. C. C. Kim has played in introducing liberal higher criticism into the Korean church\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0cDr. Kim\uff0cC. C. Kim\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u91d1\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u5723\u7ecf\u6279\u5224\u5e26\u8fdb\u97e9\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cone can also understand his critical reactions to fundamentalism.\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002The deeply Barthian sympathies of Dr. Rhee Jong-sung\uff0cDr. Rhee Jong-sung\u674e\u5b97\u6210\u5bf9\u5df4\u7279\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u60c5\u7684\uff0care also evident in Korea and in his critical starting-point.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u97e9\u56fd\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>These men are guided more by their neo-liberal tendencies than by historical fairness.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u58eb\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u591a\u8fc7\u5728\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e2d\u80af\u3002There may also be some confusion between that aspect of fundamentalism which was evident before the 1930\u2019s and the aspect which has flowered more recently (which we choose to call neo-fundamentalism).\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u67091930\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u65b0\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>In its widest sense\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u5e7f\u4e49\u6765\u770b\uff0cfundamentalism may simply be regarded as one more name for the historic Christian faith\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0cthe defense and propagation of the supernatural gospel.\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u3002And\uff0cin that sense\uff0cit is often more popularly called conservatism in Asia or evangelicalism in Britain and Europe.\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u6216\u8005\u82f1\u56fd\u8ddf\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>However\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0cas a specific historical movement\uff0cfundamentalism has a narrower meaning.\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6d6e\u73b0\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u3002As a historical phenomenon\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0cit was a uniquely American twentieth century expression of Christianity.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002By the end of the nineteenth century\uff0c\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\uff0cthe power of theological liberalism (or what Machen preferred to call naturalism) was beginning to be felt strongly in the schools and churches of the United States.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u6885\u94a6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff09\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Originating in Germany and England\uff0cliberalism was born out of the rationalism of the Enlightenment movement.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u6e90\u81ea\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u8ddf\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u751f\u7684\u3002It created distrust in the objective revelation and infallible authority of the Bible.\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u542f\u793a\u548c\u65e0\u8c2c\u6743\u5a01\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3002It questioned such items of doctrine\uff0c\u5b83\u6000\u7591\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cas the virgin birth of Christ\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u4ece\u7ae5\u8d1e\u5973\u6240\u751f\u7684\uff0cHis deity\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u795e\u6027\uff0cHis substitutionary atonement for sinners\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u4e3a\u7f6a\u4eba\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8d4e\u7f6a\uff0cHis physical resurrection\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\uff0cand His physical return in glory.\u8fd8\u6709\u8036\u7a23\u4eb2\u81ea\u7684\u5728\u8363\u8000\u4e2d\u8981\u518d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Liberal critics of the Old Testament\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0cquestioned the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6469\u897f\u6240\u5199\u7684\uff0cand thereby the traditional chronological order as stated in the Bible itself.\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u5723\u7ecf\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002An evolutionary concept of Israel&#8217;s religion was applied to the chronological order of Law\uff0cPsalms\uff0cand Prophets\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3001\u8bd7\u7bc7\u548c\u5148\u77e5\u4e66\u4e0a\uff0cand a new arrangement appeared of Prophets\uff0cLaw\uff0cand Psalms.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5148\u77e5\u4e66\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e66\u548c\u8bd7\u7bc7\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u6392\u8fc7\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The New Testament was also attacked.\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u653b\u51fb\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u3002Men questioned the accuracy of the gospel records\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u6000\u7591\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\uff0cthe authorship of many of the Pauline letters.\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4fdd\u7f57\u6240\u5199\u7684\u3002Later dates were assigned to the books\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u4e66\u5377\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u65e5\u671f\u6392\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u540e\uff0cthus attacking the credibility of the Bible-claimed authors.\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u653b\u51fb\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002Whenever the critic did not want to accept a passage\uff0cit was stated that a later writer\uff0cknown as a redactor\uff0chad made the change.\u5f53\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\u662f\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f16\u8005\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6539\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Coupled with these theological attacks were scientific attacks as well.\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u3002Charles Darwin&#8217;s theory of evolution\uff0cdeveloped in the nineteenth century\uff0cbegan to be used to discredit the historic and biblical view of man and the world.\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6000\u7591\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u89c2\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Man could now be pictured as\uff0cnot depraved and fallen\uff0cbut as progressing to perfection.\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u5815\u843d\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e2d\u671d\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u524d\u8fdb\u3002The necessity for the supernatural became less apparent\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\uff0cas science could be used to explain more of what we do not understand.\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u7684\u4e8b\u3002So-called \u201cmiracles\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u795e\u8ff9\u201d\uff0ccould now be explained from a non-supernatural point of view.\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In the face of such criticism\uff0cfundamentalism arose to reassert certain essentials or fundamentals of the Christian faith.\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u8ddf\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u5c31\u8d77\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002Though in some sense a protest movement\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0cits protests were against the negativism and destructiveness of liberal criticism.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u662f\u8981\u62b5\u6321\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u5bf9\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6bc1\u574f\u6027\u3002Counter-action might be a more fitting expression to designate its early efforts.\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cd\u653b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53d6\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Aware that American seminaries\uff0cChristian publishers\uff0cand denominational posts of leadership were being surrendered to liberalism\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\u548c\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u8896\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6e10\u6e10\u7684\u90fd\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u6295\u964d\u4e86\uff0cit countered with annual Bible conferences\uff0c\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u5c31\u8d77\u6765\u4e3e\u884c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u67e5\u7ecf\u805a\u4f1a\uff0cmass evangelism\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u3001\u5927\u578b\u7684\u5e03\u9053\u4f1a\uff0cthe erection of conservative Bible schools and seminaries and foreign mission boards\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u673a\u6784\uff0cand a new emphasis on preaching and missions.\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bb2\u9053\u548c\u5ba3\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In 1909\uff0c1909\u5e74\uff0ca series of twelve volumes entitled The Fundamentals began to appear\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5341\u4e8c\u672c\u7684\u5c0f\u4e66\uff0c\u603b\u79f0\u57fa\u8981\u6216\u8005\u57fa\u8981\u6559\u4e49\uff08The Fundamentals\uff09\uff0crepresenting the wide interests of the defenders of supernatural Christianity.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002A total of ninety articles was written for the series\uff0c\u8fd9\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e8690\u7bc7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0ctwenty-nine devoted to the question of biblical authority.\u5176\u4e2d29\u7bc7\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3002The spirit of the work was typical of the spirit of early fundamentalism\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u2014\u2014calm\uff0cdetermined\uff0cintending merely the reaffirmation of fundamental truths.\u5e73\u9759\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u575a\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u610f\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Doctrinally\uff0ca great many elements were part of this early fundamentalism.\u4ece\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002The sweep of its campaign brought together Calvinists and Arminians\uff0cBaptists and Presbyterians.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6027\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u548c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002Dispensationalists were also strong leaders in the program.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u626e\u6f14\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002One recent author has identified the writers of thirty-one of the ninety articles appearing in the series as adherents of dispensationalism.\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c90\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u9762\u670931\u7bc7\u662f\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u3002The diversity of theological background was astonishing.\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u3002A common liberal foe kept them at peace throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u662f\u548c\u7766\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>As the battle between Christianity and liberalism was pressed within denominational circles\uff0cdivisions began to occur.\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u91cc\u9762\u4e89\u6597\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5c31\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u4e86\u3002In the Northern Presbyterian and Baptist churches\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u5317\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u5317\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0cthe debate led to schisms.\u4e89\u8fa9\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u88c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Formerly professor of New Testament at Princeton Seminary\uff0cJ. Gresham Machen\uff0ca Presbyterian\uff0cwas disciplined along with others like Carl McIntire for refusing to separate themselves from the fundamentalist-supported Independent Board for Presbyterian Foreign Missions (created to provide an honestly Presbyterian board).\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5c31\u60e9\u6212\u4e86\u6885\u94a6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u65b0\u7ea6\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6885\u94a6\u548c\u53e6\u5916Carl McIntire\u7b49\u4eba\u58eb\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8131\u79bb\u90a3\u4e2a\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u72ec\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u89c4\u6b63\u77e9\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u673a\u6784\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In 1936\uff0c1936\u5e74\uff0cMachen and one hundred ministers left to form the Presbyterian Church of America.\u6885\u94a6\u548c100\u4f4d\u7267\u5e08\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff08\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b63\u7edf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0cOrthodox Presbyterian Church\uff09\u3002Similar actions took place in the attack on liberalism in the Northern Baptist Convention.\u5728\u7f8e\u5317\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\u6279\u8bc4\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u6b21\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff0c\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\u8bb2\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8ba4\u8bc6\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66 30\u3001\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u7ae0\uff1a\u57fa\u8981\u4e3b\u4e49 Contemporary World Theology\uff0cSession [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[170],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-170"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15398"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15399,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15398\/revisions\/15399"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}