{"id":15069,"date":"2025-12-01T03:09:13","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T03:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15069"},"modified":"2025-12-01T03:09:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T03:09:13","slug":"%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e6%95%99%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6_02%e7%ab%a002%e8%ae%b2_%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%88%e7%bb%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=15069","title":{"rendered":"\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66_02\u7ae002\u8bb2_\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u7eed\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player15068  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player15068 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player15068{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player15068 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player15068 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player15068\" \r\n  data-poster=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/html5-audio-player-pro\/shortcode\/player\/sticky-default.jpg\" \r\n  data-skin=\"default\" \r\n  data-title=\"Audio Title\" \r\n  data-song=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u6559\u7267\u5b9e\u8df5\/2014_\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\/\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66_02\u7ae002\u8bb2_\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u7eed\uff09.mp3\" \r\n  data-id=\"15068\" \r\n  data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player15068\" id=\"player15068\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u6559\u7267\u5b9e\u8df5\/2014_\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\/\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66_02\u7ae002\u8bb2_\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u7eed\uff09.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66_02\u7ae002\u8bb2_\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The <\/strong><strong>Doctrine of the Christian Life <\/strong><strong>Chapter <\/strong><strong>II Session two <\/strong><strong>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8363\u8000<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bb2\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u8bb2\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6559\u4e49\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u795e\u5b66\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u4f26\u7406\u00a0ethics\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u201cMetaethics\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u6210\u201c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u201cMetaethics\u201d\uff08\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u68af\u6b21\u7684\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f26\u7406\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u597d\u548c\u574f\u3001\u5bf9\u548c\u9519\u3001\u795e\u7684\u8d50\u798f\u548c\u5492\u8bc5\u7684\u3002\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u548c\u9519\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u201c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u201c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u201c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u524d\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd:\u201cMorality\u201d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u628a\u201c\u9053\u5fb7Morality\u201d\u548c\u201cEthics\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u5206\u8fa8\u7684\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u675c\u9a6cJ.\u00a0Douma\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u8fa9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201cMorality\u201d\u9053\u5fb7\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u800c\u4f26\u7406\u201cEthics\u201d\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u6216\u8005\u98ce\u4fd7\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u3002\u5728\u675c\u9a6c\u201cDouma\u201d\u4ed6\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300aResponsible Conduct: Principles of Christian Ethics\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662fP\uff06R\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u9875\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u8ddf\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684Descriptive\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u68c0\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4fd7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc4\u8bba\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53bb\u53cd\u7701\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08the work of Ethics\uff09\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u795e\u5b66\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53cd\u7701\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u82e5\u7528\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6765\u7528\u4f26\u7406\u8ddf\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u5462\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u6765\u770b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6307\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u201cEthics\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u548c\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u600e\u4e48\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5728\u4ed6\u5728\u6289\u62e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f26\u7406\u6216\u8005\u9053\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f26\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u597d\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206:\u201cValue Terms\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u6709\u5173\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u670913\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(1) Moral, Ethical<\/strong><strong>\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u628a\u201cMoral\u201d\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff09\u548c\u201cEthical\u201d\uff08\u4f26\u7406\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u662f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u51c6\u5219\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u3002\u7528\u4f5c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u201d\u8fd9\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\uff08this is ethical question not an study question\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba1\u7f8e\u89c2\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u3002\u201c\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u9075\u5b88\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\uff08Senator Written Howard is an ethical politician\uff09\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2) <\/strong><strong>\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u662fImmoral, \u65e0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u662fAmoral, \u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u662fNonmoral\u3001\u201c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cmoral\u201d\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5462\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u53ef\u6709\u4e09\u79cd:<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u201c Immoral\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cAmoral\u201d\uff08\u65e0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u628a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4ed6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u7528\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cNonmoral\u201d\uff08\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c31\u662f\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u201cNonmoral\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u5206\u8fa8\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u548c\u975e\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u6c64\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u756a\u8304\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7528\u5976\u6cb9\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201cNonmoral question\u201d,\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u559c\u7231\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u6c64\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(3) Moralistic:<\/strong><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u542b\u7cca\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6cd5:<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u80a4\u6d45\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f88\u5c40\u9762\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u662f\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e49\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u628a\u884c\u4e3a\u653e\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6069\u5178\u7528\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u6551\u662f\u672c\u4e4e\u6069\u3002\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u884c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u6069\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53bb\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6551\u8d4e\u5386\u53f2\u91cc\u9762\u6765\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5462\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u8bb2\u9053\u53ea\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8bad\u8bf2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8d23\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u7cbe\u51c6\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u8ba9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4ed6\u7684\u52b2\u654c\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u5f88\u5dee\u52b2\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u66f4\u52a0\u5f97\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong><strong>\u4ef7\u503cValue\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709worth\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709merit\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u529f\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ef7\u503c\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u79cd\uff0c\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206Ethics is division value field\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5206\u8fa8\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u6ca1\u6709\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(5) Fact:<\/strong><strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001Fact\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u51b5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fact a state of affairs\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e8b\u5b9estatement of facts\u6216\u8005\u662f\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u58f0\u79f0\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff08statements of fact claim to assert What is the case\uff09\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u5462\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u770b\u5230\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5077\u76d7\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u5219\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08statement of fact\uff09\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5728\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e94\u7136\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(6) Norm:<\/strong><strong>\u51c6\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6001\u5ea6\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd8\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684Norm\u51c6\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(7) Virtue:<\/strong><strong>\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7269\u79f0\u8bb8\u7684\u539f\u7531grounds of praise\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u5929\u624d\u3002\u800c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7231\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u5fe0\u8bda\u3001\u6b63\u76f4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff08Elements of a good moral character, virtue ethics\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66&#8211;\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u3001\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e0e\u8beb\u547d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5429\u5490\u7684\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8beb\u547d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e5f\u548c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4f26\u7406\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1b\u53d9\u8ff0\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4f5c\u51fa\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u7684\u8beb\u547d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u9053\u5fb7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5217\u5355\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u8d50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8beb\u547d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53d9\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>(8) Good:<\/strong><strong>\u7f8e\u5584\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5584\uff08good\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u201cgood\u201d\uff08\u5584\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u6765\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5ba1\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5206\u8fa8\u51fa\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u548c\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f&#8221;Telial&#8221;\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u6587 &#8220;telos&#8221;\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff09&#8221;Logical goodness&#8221;\u76ee\u6807\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u662f\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u65a7\u5934\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6253\u9489\u5b50\uff0c\u6253\u9489\u5b50\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u6807telos&#8221;\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u76ee\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65a7\u5934\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u5bb9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u8005\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u8499\u795e\u7684\u8d50\u798f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65a7\u5934\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7075\u9b42\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u8499\u795e\u7684\u8d50\u798f\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8499\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u4eba\u662f\u597d\u4eba\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u4fee\u7406\u6c34\u5de5\u7684\u5e08\u5085\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u61c2\u5f97\u600e\u4e48\u4fee\u7406\u6c34\u7ba1\u7684\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u4fee\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c1\u683c\u4e0a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4fee\u7406\u6c34\u7ba1\u4e0a\u5f88\u6709\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2a\u574f\u86cb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u4fee\u7406\u5e08\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u574f\u4eba\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u3002\u5047\u5982\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4fee\u7406\u6c34\u7ba1\u4e0a\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6280\u5de7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6536\u7684\u4ef7\u94b1\u53c8\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ece\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u53a8\u623f\u91cc\u9762\u5077\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4fee\u7406\u6c34\u7ba1\u4e4b\u540e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u4fee\u7406\u5e08\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5c31\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5728\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u201c\u597d\u201d\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79f0\u8bb8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u8bf4\u5047\u5982\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u574f\u86cb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u7ba1\u4fee\u7406\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u6b20\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5047\u5982\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u5e08\uff0c\u5f00\u97f3\u4e50\u4f1a\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6574\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u559d\u9152\u5bb4\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u9157\u9152\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed6\u662f\u5f39\u7684\u5f88\u5dee\u52b2\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u5929\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u5bb6\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u53bb\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5f39\u94a2\u7434\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u90aa\u6076\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2atelos\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\uff09\uff0cLogical goodness\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u3002\u975e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6027\u7684\u5584\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u9762\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5584\uff08higher goal summum 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Right\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c(10) \u4efb\u52a1Obligation, Duty, Ought\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66_02\u7ae002\u8bb2_\u4f26\u7406\u4e0e\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u7eed\uff09 The Doctrine of the Christian Li 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