{"id":14429,"date":"2025-10-10T08:17:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=14429"},"modified":"2025-10-10T08:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T08:17:16","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%e5%af%bc%e8%ae%ba2_45_%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e5%ae%97%e5%ae%97%e6%b4%be%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e5%8e%86%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%9c%8b%e5%a4%9a%e6%a0%b7%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=14429","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba2_45_\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u5b97\u6d3e\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u770b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u4f20\u627f"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player14428  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player14428 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player14428{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player14428 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player14428 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Reformed Church\u79f0\u4e3aHuegenot\uff08\u80e1\u683c\u8bfa\u6d3e\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4f4d\u7684Martin Bucer\uff08\u9a6c\u4e01.\u5e03\u7b56\uff09\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u8fb9\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\uff08strasbourg\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5df4\u585e\u5c14\uff08\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aBasel\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\uff08Zurich\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>16\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u8896\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u3001\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u518d\u4ece\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4f20\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u53eb\u505aReformed Church\u3002\u5510\u5d07\u8363\u7267\u5e08\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u201c\u5f52\u6b63\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5f52\u6b63\u4e0d\u662f\u5510\u7267\u5e08\u53d1\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4f20\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u518d\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ddf\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u5f52\u6b63\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\u7559\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u53d7\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u90fd\u79f0\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff0c\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5b97Huegenot\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5b97 German Reformed\uff0c \u8377\u5170\u6539\u9769\u5b97Dutch Reformed\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6ce2\u5170\u8ddf\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5c31\u53eb\u505aMagyar\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0Magyar\uff0cMagyar reformed Church\uff0c\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52a0\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u7406\u5b97\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7684\u201c\u516c\u201d\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u201c\u516c\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u516c\u7406\u5b97Congregational Churches\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u8fb9\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65c1\u8fb9\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u3002\u518d\u6765\u54c8\uff0c\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\uff08\u90a3\u4e2a\u6d3e\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u7eb2\u8bb2\u51fa\u6765\uff09\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u8de8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d77\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c9b\u2014\u2014\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aPresbyterian\u957f\u8001\u5b97\uff1b\u800c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5b97\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece1608\u5e74\u5728\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u7136\u540e1620\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u53eb\u7f8e\u56fd\u561b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\uff0c1620\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u6d17\u6d3e\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f16\u548c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>18\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u3001\u82cf\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u4eba\u58eb\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f1776\u5e74\u7acb\u56fd\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u4e0d\u53eb\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u53eb\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u7f05\u56e0\u5dde\uff08Maine\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5357\u90e8\u7684Georgia\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709Florida\uff0cFlorida\u5c5e\u4e8e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u768413\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5b97\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u662f1630\u5e74\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5230\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u521a\u624d\u542c\u5230\u4e86\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u662f1620\u5e74\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u65e9\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5403\u706b\u9e21\u8ddf\u7ea2\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u611f\u8c22\u4e3b\u7684\u611f\u6069\u8282\uff0c1621\u5e74\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u6279\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5750\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\uff1b1630\u5e74\u5750\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u6761\u8239\u53bb\u7684\u662f\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u8ddf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u5a74\u5b69\u6d17\u793c\u7684\u3002\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u95f4\u662f1682\u5e74\uff0c\u5728Maryland\u6bd4\u8f83\u5357\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f20\u5230New York and New Jersey\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5230\u4e861690\u5e74\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6New York\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2astate\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e2acolony\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u8377\u5170\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u62a2\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6765\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e0d\u53ebNew York\uff0c\u53ebNew Amsterdam\uff0c\u662f\u8377\u5170\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u662f\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5c31\u62ff\u8fc7\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684New Jersey\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f88\u4f1a\u5411\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u6797\u6d77\u68ee(Theodore Jacobus Frelinghuysen)\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6728\u5c4b\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u53bb\u542c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u8bb2\u9053\u662f\u523a\u900f\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\uff0c\u8dd1\u53bb\u544a\u8bc9\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\uff08Jonathan Edwards\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c8\u662f\u90a3\u4e09\u6d3e\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5b97\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u30021740\u5e74\u6000\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7George Whitefield\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u6765\u8bb2\u9053\uff0cJonathan Edwards\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4f34\uff08\u670b\u53cb\uff09\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u90a3Whitefield\u5c31\u4ece\u5317\u8dd1\u5230\u5357\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728Whitefield\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5927\u590d\u5174\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd913\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53d7\u5230\u590d\u5174\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u54ce\uff0c\u4f60\u662fNew Jersey\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662fPennsylvania\uff0c\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662fAmerican\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u9769\u547d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5927\u89c9\u9192\u5462\uff0c\u4ece\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u7f8e\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0cWhitefield\u8dd1\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u590d\u5174\u5462\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u540e\u679c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1790\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u7acb\u56fd\u4e86\uff0c\u5728Kentucky\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fb9\u7586\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a00\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8fd9\u4e48\u7a00\u554a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5185\u9646\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u590d\u5174\u5c31\u4e0d\u50cf\u5927\u89c9\u9192\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5f3a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u91d1\u5df4\u4ed1\u957f\u8001\u4f1aCumberland Presbyterian\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u8bf4\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u3001\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u3001\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u7f18\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8bb2\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8be5\u8bb219\u4e16\u7eaanineteenth century\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u8c08\u5224\u8fc7union\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u548c\u957f\u8001\u5b97\uff0c\u4e5f\u572818\u300119\u4e16\u7eaa\u90fd\u8c08\u8fc7\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u8bf4\u8fc7\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5462\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e9\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4f20\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u8ddf\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6559\u4e49\u4e0a\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u6e05\u695a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1861\uff0d1865\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e86YMCA\u57281840\u5e74\u4ee3\u521b\u529e\uff0cPresbyterian\uff0c Congregational\uff0c Methodist\uff0c Baptist\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u3001\u516c\u7406\u5b97\u3001\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u8ddf\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\uff0c\u90fd\u5728YMCA\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e8b\u5de5\u4e0a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e43\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5206\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u3002\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9f13\u5439\u9ed1\u5974\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ecWheaton College\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u67e5\u5fb7\uff08Jonathan Blanchard\uff09\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6d3e\u5f88\u5c0f\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America\uff08RPCNA)\uff0c\u8d75\u4e2d\u8f89\u7267\u5e08\u662f\u5c5e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u4e5f\u5206\u88c2\u8fc7\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u90fd\u8bb0\u4e0d\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u4e86\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6d3e\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u53eb\u4f5cRPCNA\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5730\u4e0b\u94c1\u8defunderground railway\u7684\uff0cunderground railway\u4e0d\u662fanti\uff0c\u5730\u4e0b\u94c1\u8def\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u62db\u5f85\u5728\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u5974\u96b6\uff08\u9ed1\u4eba\u5974\u96b6\uff09\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9001\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e00\u7ad9\u4e00\u7ad9\u9001\u5230\u5317\u8fb9\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u798f\u97f3\u6d3e\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u662f\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f1865\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u5206\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u97f3\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u6709\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6765\u8bb2\u57fa\u8981\u6d3e\u4e86\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u6d8c\u8fdb\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u56de\u5e94\u5462\uff1f1880\u5e74\u4ee3Union Theological Seminary\u7ebd\u7ea6\u534f\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u662f1841\u5e74\u590d\u5174\u4e4b\u540e\u521b\u529e\u7684\u65b0\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5f88\u7231\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e861880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6559\u6388\u662f\u8bb2\u65b0\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u4eec\uff0cUnion Theological Seminary\u8ddf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u652f\u6301\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u559c\u6b22\u590d\u5174\u7684\u5c31\u652f\u6301Union Theological Seminary\uff0c\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u652f\u6301\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662Princeton Seminary\u3002Princeton Seminary\u662f\u5f88\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u30021880\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u8ddf\u957f\u8001\u63a7\u544a\u4e00\u4f4dUnion Seminary\u7684\u6559\u6388\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65afCharles A. Briggs\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\uff0c\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u6307\u8d23\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u30021883\u52301888\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u81ea\u613fvolunteer\u505a\u6d77\u5916\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5f88\u559c\u6b22\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c1880\u5e74\u30011890\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u9ed1\u5974\u4ece\u5357\u65b9\u6d8c\u5230\u5317\u8fb9\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u5462\u53c8\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5566\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u54ea\uff0c\u90a3\u8fb9\u6709\u4e9b\u9965\u8352\u53c8\u6d8c\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662fCharles Dickens\u300a\u53cc\u57ce\u8bb0\u300b\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5f88\u591a\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u6765\u7684\u767d\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5357\u8fb9\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\uff0c\u5357\u8fb9\u4e0a\u6765\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u90a3\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u6570\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u642c\u5230\u90ca\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f1870\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u6000\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7George Whitefield to the suburb.\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u4e0d\u5f3a\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0cDwight Moody\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53bb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e861926\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u67098000\u540d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u90a38000\u540d\uff0c4000\u540d\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f1880\u5e74\u30011890\u5e74\u30011900\u5e74\u4e00\u6279\u4e00\u6279\u5730\u9001\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u54af\u3002\u90a3\u8fd8\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5ba3\u6559\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u590d\u5174\uff08\u5174\u65fa\uff09\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u5728\u4fb5\u7565\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b97\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5916\u8868\u770b\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u662f\u5728\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1922\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u6559\u6388J. Gresham Machen\u6885\u94a6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u8ddf\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5f00\u59cb\u65b0\u6d3e\u4e86\uff0c1922\u52301929\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6709\u4e9b\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u8ddf\u957f\u8001\u4eec\uff0c\u57281924\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u53eb\u4f5cAuburn Affirmation\uff081924\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e43\u662f\u8bf4\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u7ae5\u8d1e\u5973\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u590d\u6d3b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u8bdd\u77ed\u8bf4\uff0c1929\u5e74\u6885\u94a6\u88ab\u903c\u79bb\u5f00\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1936\u5e74\u6885\u94a6\u4e5f\u88ab\u903c\u79bb\u5f00\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4ed6\u88ab\u9769\u804c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5c31\u521b\u529e\u4e86Orthodox Presbyterian Church\uff08OPC)\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c1936\u5e74\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u50cf\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\u7684\u5c31\u51fa\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86Bible Presbyterian 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