{"id":14288,"date":"2025-08-21T03:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T03:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=14288"},"modified":"2025-08-21T03:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T03:22:12","slug":"%e5%a4%a7%e9%99%86%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%e7%9a%84%e6%80%9d%e6%83%b3%e6%8c%91%e6%88%98%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%e8%8b%b1%e6%96%87%ef%bc%893-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=14288","title":{"rendered":"\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6311\u6218\uff08\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\uff093-2"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player14287  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player14287 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player14287{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player14287 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player14287 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" 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<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6311\u6218\uff08\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\uff093-2<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb&amp;\u9648\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f,\u4ece1915\u5e74\u4e00\u76f4\u52301927\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f,\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c1920\u5e744\u6708\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d70\u72d7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u3002Christianity was attacked as irrational, unreasonable and after 1920, the April issue Christianity became the tool of imperialism\u3002 \u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u81ea\u5df1\u4ece1920\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002Chenduxiu from 1920 took a Marxism stand against Christianity. \u4f46\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c1919\u5e74\uff0cBut before that even in 1919, \u9648\u72ec\u79c0\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u5f88\u94a6\u4f69\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u3002 even as late as 1919\uff0cChenduxiu admired the \u00a0personality of Jesus Christ.\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u70ed\u8840\u7cbe\u795e\u704c\u6ce8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6db2\u91cc\u3002He made a statement in one of his article\uff0c says that we should take the warm spirited personhood of Jesus Christ and instead of that\uff0cand inject that into the blood stream of every Chinese person. 1920\u5e744\u6708\u4ed6\u4e00\u53cd\u6210\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002But by April, 1920, he took a total turn around and became an anti-Christian, because he by then was totally became a Marxism.<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4ece1922\u52301927\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002There were several stages of the anti-Christian movement. \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f1922\u5e74\uff0cThe first stage is 1922, \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f1924\u5e74\u523025\u5e74\uff0cthe second stage is 1924-1925, \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f5\u670830\u53f71925\u5e74the third stage is May 30, 1925, \u7b2c4\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5317\u4f10\u65f6\u671f1926\u523027\u5e74\u3002the forth period is 1926 July through April, 1927 the Northern expedition.\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\uff0c\u662f1922\u5e74\u7684\u6625\u5929\u56db\u6708\u8ddf\u4e94\u6708\uff0cThe first period is very short, just April and May, 1922\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0cjust some manifesto were published\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba3\u8a00\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0cbut these manifestos were important\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u88ab\u6253\u6210\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u3002because for the first time they have a public demonstration and public manifesto declared Christianity to be the tool of imperialism.<\/p>\n<p>1922\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u8ddf\u4e94\u6708\uff0cApril and May 1922, \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0cthe anti-Christian movement during this time, \u4ed6\u4eec\u53eb\u505a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u5927\u540c\u76df, they called it anti-Christian students federation\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\uff0cbehind that was the socialist Youth league\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f1921\u5e747\u6708\u4efd\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u90e8\u3002that is to say that the youth department of the Chinese Communist Party which was formed just nine months earlier than that and in July 1921. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u4e861924\u5e74\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u6210\u719f\u4e86\u3002The second period 1924 anti-Christian movement became a lot more mature. \u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u5c31\u7528\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u673a\u5173\u62a5\u7684\u793c\u62dc\u5929\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u526f\u520a\uff0cThe anti-Christian intellectuals used a Sunday literary supplement of the Guomindang Nationalist Party newspaper, \u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u653b\u51fb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002and they used those pages to attack Christianity.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u6f6e\u3002And there were many anti-Christian demonstrations and storms during that time. 1925\u5e745\u670830\u53f7, May 30, 1925, \u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u201c\u4e94\u5345\u60e8\u6848\u201d\uff0cthe May 30 incident, \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4,\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u6f6e\u5230\u4e865\u670830\u53f71925\u5e74\u5c31\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002and all the student protest reached a climax on May 30, 1925. \u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u662f1925\u5e743\u670812\u53f7\u53bb\u4e16\uff0cSun Yat-sen died on March 12, 1925\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201d\u4e94\u5345\u60e8\u6848\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u3002only two month or so before the May 30 incident. \u6240\u4ee5\u8fc7\u4e86\u201d\u4e94\u5345\u60e8\u6848\u201d\u4e4b\u540e,\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u638c\u63e1\u5230\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0cSo very soon after the May 30 incident Chiang Kai-Shek gained the leadership of the Guomindang the Nationalist Party\uff0c1926-27, \u5c31\u662f\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5317\u4f10\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u3002 in 1926 July-1927 April, Chiang Kai-shek marched to north. \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u519b\u524d\u9762\u53bb\u653b\u51fb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u793c\u62dc\u5802\u8ddf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002And the anti-Christians would be ahead running, marching ahead of KMT Nationalist Party troops and destroying mission property injuring maybe killing missionaries and Chinese Christians. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684, This is during the May 4th movement\uff0c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002the anti-Christians movement.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u6bb5\u8bb2\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e00\u70b9\uff0cI give you a detail portrait of these 2 anti-Christian movement, \u8981\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\uff0cto let you see\uff0c \u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u91cc\u9762\uff0cto show you a perspective to see that in modern Chinese history, \u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f52\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u5730\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002to show you how unusual it is that we have had just 2 Chinese intellectuals Christian movements. \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f1960\u8ddf70\u5e74\u4ee3\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u53f0\u6e2f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0cyou can say one would be the 1960-1970s students from Taiwan and Hong Kong in north America, \u7ec4\u7ec7\u67e5\u7ecf\u73ed\u3002forming Bible study groups. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21the second, \u5c31\u662f1980\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50, The second wave for openness would be mainland Chinese intellectuals since 1980 till now year 2000\uff0c\u4e0d\u5149\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e5f\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u3002not only in mainland China but also oversees. \u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u5230\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u8ddf\u80dc\u5229\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cOf course we must not neglect during the war 1937-45 and the civil war that followed\uff0c 1945-1949\uff0c \u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u4e3b\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u3002there were many many Chinese students who became Christians and dedicated their lives to serve the Lord. \u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u4f60\u628a\u90a3\u4e2a\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0cIf you take that, there were three movements of Chinese intellectuals turning to Christianity.\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f52\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f1940\u5e74\u4ee3\u8ddf60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\uff0cThe previous 2 movements in 1940s and 1960s,\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u4e3b\u732e\u8eab\u7684\u3002yes\uff0cmany Chinese students became Christians and dedicated their lives to serve the Lord\u3002\u53ef\u662f1980\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u6709\u4e2a\u5f88\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002However the movement after 1980 has some very unique characteristic.\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0cOne of the most unique phenomenon\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u63d0\u5021\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c06\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u91cc\u9762\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002that is to say mainland Chinese intellectuals now advocate that Christianity should become an ingredient in the Chinese culture of the future. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7684, This is very very unique, \u662f\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002we haven\u2019t seen this before. \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5ea7\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f60\u300170\u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u679c\u5b50\uff0cSome of us are the fruits of the 1960s and 70s student movements\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u8ddf\u5317\u7f8e\u3002in Taiwan\uff0cHong Kong, southeast Asia, and northern America.\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0cBut we have received a pietistic tradition.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u5462\uff1fWhat is pietism? \u656c\u8654\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u53cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\uff0cIt\u2019s anti-intellectual, \u7406\u6027\u662f\u5c5e\u9b42\u7684\uff0cthe mind is soul\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6b21\u7b49\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u53cd\u6587\u5316\u7684\uff0canti- cultural; \u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u53cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684anti-organizational; \u7b2c\u56db\u662f\u53cd\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\uff1banti-urban\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u3002individualistic.<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u3002But as we now face the challenge of mainland Chinese intellectuals.\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1fWhat are they demanding? \u4ed6\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6155\u9053\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0cAs they begin their search for the Gospel, \u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0cthat they want to know what the Christianity can do for China\uff0c \u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u7b49\u3002What can Christianity do for China as political, social, economic, cultural and educational problems. \u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u7684\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u662f\u7a7a\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0cSo I would like to propose that the overseas Chinese church face a totally unprecedented challenge\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002totally in dimension and scope from before.\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88c5\u5907\u597d\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u3002So the Chinese church is not prepared to face this challenge. \u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u5927\u9646\u5b66\u8005\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u3002Let me repeat\uff0cwe are not discussing whether or not we are effective in doing personal evangelism to mainland Chinese students and scholars\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u5728\u4fe1\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6ca1\u9519\u3002They are turning to Christ in large numbers, that is true. \u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u73b0\u5728\u9664\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u8ddf\u4e09\u81ea\u6559\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cIn mainland China today, in addition to the house-churches and the 3-self movement churches, \u73b0\u5728\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u67e5\u7ecf\u73ed\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u3002there are many Bible study groups that have now risen. \u5f88\u591a\u662f\u8001\u5916\u7684\u5916\u8bed\u8001\u5e08\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u79cd\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002Some of these groups are planted by foreign teachers of foreign languages\uff0cor Christians in China.<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4, \u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cIn their mist now in addition to the students, \u8fd8\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0cthere are professionals, \u8fd8\u6709\u6559\u6388\u4eec\u3002and professors. \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ddf\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0cThere\u2019s a significant different between them and house churches\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728\u53d8\u5f62\u3002and you might say that the house-church itself is been transformed. \u6211\u6240\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7684\u53c2\u52a0\u795e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f30\u591a\u5c8140\u5c81\u7684\uff0cI have met many house church leaders who have attended theological training courses in their 30s and 40s. \u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u521a\u624d\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\uff0cWhat they are looking for is a world and life view\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u56de\u987e\u3002So I have given you a historical background.\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd924\u5e74, \u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5730\u63a5\u7eb3\u8ddf\u63a8\u4ecb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u8ddf\u6587\u5316\u3002Now let us go into the period of the last twenty four years, 1976-2000, how main land Chinese intellectuals have absorbed in their own way and promoted Christianity. \u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u662f1976\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cOur contemporary period begins at 1976,\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53bb\u4e16\u3002the death of Mao Zedong. \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bb2\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002We need a little background here.<\/p>\n<p>\u57281950\u523052\uff0cBetween the years of 1950-1952\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7528\u54f2\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u95e8\u529f\u8bfe\u6765\u505a\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002let us just take philosophy as an example.\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u3002Of all the universities in China, 1950\u523052\u5e74\uff0cbetween the year 1950 and 52, \u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u90fd\u5173\u95e8\u5269\u4e0b\u4e00\u5bb6, \u5c31\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u3002all the philosophy departments are closed except one university, that is Beijing National University. \u6240\u4ee5,\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0cPhilosophy or metaphysics\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002it&#8217;s now equated the same thing as Marxism.<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c It doesn\u2019t mean that all these years Chinese intellectuals didn\u2019t study philosophy\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u5916\u8bed\uff0cthey did so through foreign languages,\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\uff0cComparative literature\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0cSocial science\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002etc.<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cAfter the death of Mao Zedong, \u57281978\u523079\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0ca very important period is the years 1978-1979, \u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002intellectuals from the various disciplines convened nationwide conferences.\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002Basically\uff0c what they did during this period was they negated , they overturned Marxism\u2019s monopoly in control over their discipline.\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u4eba\u751f\u89c2\u8ddf\u9884\u8bbe\uff0cWe talked about the world and life view and presuppositions just now,\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u76f4\u9886\u53d7\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff0cbasically during these conferences they over turned, they rejected the Marxist presuppositions for their own field, \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5916\u8bed\u3002so in these disciplines\uff1aphilosophy, literature, art, languages, foreign languages, history and social sciences.\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cAfter this rejection of metaphysics\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u987a\u4fbf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0clet me just explain 2 terms here\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u79d1\u7684\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8c08\u5230\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cwhen the mainland Chinese intellectuals in humanities mention metaphysics, \u8fd9\u4e2a\u901a\u5e38\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7684\uff0cthey usually don\u2019t like the term. \u90fd\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u7684\u3002somebody want to reject. \u53ef\u662f\u8bb2\u5230\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cBut the other word is ontology, \u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002it\u2019s a good term. \u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002I will explain how they use these two terms. \u00a0\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u6b62\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0cChinese intellectuals never stop searching for the absolute in the universe\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ddf\u968f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u627e\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9, \u6216\u8005\u672c\u4f53\u3002it is just they do not want to follow the Marxism or the metaphysical way to arrive at the absolute or the ontos of the being in the universe. \u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002It is a very interesting phenomenon.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u6211\u5e26\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u6587\u827a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u897f\u654f\u5bfa\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4eec.I took a leading mainland Chinese intellectual in the field of literature to visit the faculty of the Westminster theological seminary in California in Santiago county. \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u82b1\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5927\u5bb6\u624d\u660e\u767d\uff0cWe spent quite a few minutes before everybody understood\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u662f\u597d\u7684\u3002before the faculty understood,the Americans understood that Metaphysics is bad, ontology is good .\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f00\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cAfter these meetings were convened in 1978, \u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cduring the 1980s, \u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u7eb7\u7eb7\u662f\u5411\u5916\u770b\u3002the Chinese intellectuals were looking outward.\u5c31\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u5957\u7684\u4e1b\u4e66\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u51fa\u7248\u3002So many series of books were published in 1980s.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5c31\u4e3e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0cLet me just talk about one thing, \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7f8e\u5b66\u3002and that is aesthetics.\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u7f8e\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5c11\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u6211\u53bb\u4e66\u5e97\u627e\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u7684\u3002We may know that the aesthetics is one of the division of philosophy that is pretty much neglected by western\uff0c especially American philosophers\uff0cit\u2019s very hard to buy\u00a0 solid books in this topic in the book store today. \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0cBut in China in 1980s, \u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0cliterature professors\uff0c\u8ddf\u7f8e\u672f\u827a\u672f\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0cand art professors\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462? what are they doing? \u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0cAfter they rejected metaphysics\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u7f8e\u7684\u672c\u4f53\uff0cthey were looking for the ontos or the ontological in aesthetics or the absolute beauty.\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u7f8e\u611f\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0cPerhaps this was a convenient way for them, \u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u78b0\u54f2\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e24\u95e8\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0cbecause they avoided two traditional divisions of philosophy, \u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u5b66\u3002one is metaphysics or ontology.\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u897f\u65b9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002Metaphysics and Ontology is synonymous really in the west.\u672c\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0cAnd secondly, \u00a0they avoided epistemology.\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0cEpistemology is the study of how do I know that I know what I know.\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u771f\u7684\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u7406\u3002\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u795e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002Ontology is other hand the study of the absolute truth or absolute being of God.<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u7f8e\u672f\u8ddf\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0cThese art and literature professors,\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0cthey spent a lot of energy\uff0c\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u5b66\u3002and they studied aesthetics. \u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u662f\u6709\u7279\u522b\u51e0\u6d3e\u7684\u3002The aesthetics that they promoted was of particular schools of philosophy. \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u63a8\u4ecb\u7684\u662f\u7f57\u66fc\u8482\u514b\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\uff0cFirst of all , they really looked up to German romantic aesthetics\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6816\u5c45\u3002for they are looking for was a dwelling place for the soul. \u7528\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bb2\uff0cIn my own words, \u6211\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0cI will say is this way\uff0c \u4ece\u6587\u5316\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6050\u6016\u51fa\u6765\uff0cas they came out of the horrors of the cultural revolution\uff0c\u7528\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0cthese are my vocabulary, my words\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002they were looking for the emancipation of the human spirit.\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8bb2\u5230\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ddf\u81ea\u7531\uff0cSo when mainland Chinese intellectuals talked about the words <em>humanism<\/em> and <em>freedom<\/em>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u3001\u5411\u5f80\u7684\u3001\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002for them <em>humanism<\/em> and <em>freedom<\/em> are good words they search for them, they promote them, they affirm them. \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8ffd\u5bfb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7075\u9b42\u5728\u6050\u6016\u4e4b\u4e0b\u51fa\u6765\u4e86, \u90a3\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u5c45\u4f4f\u5462\uff1fSo\uff0ctheir concern is as the soul comes out of the dark horror, where is the new dwelling place of the soul\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5f88\u88ab\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5438\u5f15\u3002So they were very much attracted by romanticism.<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u662f\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\uff0cI don&#8217;t understand literature. \u6211\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002but I&#8217;m interested in music.\u6211\u540e\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u94a2\u7434\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\u8ddf\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u7cc5\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002I take a music video tape in the back there introducing the history of western culture using music\uff0cphilosophy and theology.<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u97f3\u4e50\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0cIn music what is romanticism? \u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0cRomanticism might be found in this way\uff0c\u7f8ebeauty, \u7f8e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462?Where is beauty? \u7f8e\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u5f88\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8ddf\u5f88\u53e4\u65e7\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0cbeauty is in the very far away and very long ago\uff0c\u6478\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\uff0ccan\u2019t touch it\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002not to be dissected\uff0canalyzed by reason. \u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cSecondly, \u4ed6\u4eec\u9664\u4e86\u88ab\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u5438\u5f15\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cin addition to romanticism , \u00a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u7d27\u7d27\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u3002they were really captured by, grabbed by existentialism.<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5927\u9646\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6311\u6218\uff08\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\uff093-2 \u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb&amp;\u9648\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9 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