{"id":13999,"date":"2025-05-13T06:45:35","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T06:45:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=13999"},"modified":"2025-05-13T06:45:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T06:45:35","slug":"%e5%9c%a3%e8%a8%80%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%88%e9%9f%b3%ef%bc%89_06_%e7%ac%ac4%e7%ab%a0_%e5%90%af%e7%a4%ba%e4%b8%8e%e7%90%86%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=13999","title":{"rendered":"\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\uff08\u97f3\uff09_06_\u7b2c4\u7ae0_\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player13998  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player13998 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player13998{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player13998 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player13998 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div 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<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516d\u8bb2\u3001\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u6559\u6388_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1acherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u98de\u5f1f\u5144<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u8bb2 Doctrine of the Word of God<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 4 : Revelation and Reason \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0:\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u7ae0\uff0c\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u66f4\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u53bb\u68c0\u8ba8\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7684\u542f\u793a\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6211\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2normative perspective \uff0c situational perspective and existential perspective\u3002\u5728\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u5728\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2situational perspective \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2existential perspective\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb revelation and human subjectivity\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f revelation and reason\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u662f revelation and history \u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0crevelation and human subjectivity \u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u662f revelation and God \u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e86\uff1b\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u3002\u6211\u76fc\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e0d\u662f\u6279\u5224\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u6279\u5224\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0cthat human reason operates autonomously \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u6297\u8bae\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0cthat autonomous reason provides the ultimate criteria of truth and falsity right and wrong\uff0c by which everything \uff08including Scripture\uff09is to be judged . \u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u51fa\u771f\u4e0e\u5047\uff0c\u5bf9\u548c\u9519\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5723\u7ecf\uff09\u90fd\u8981\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u6765\u88ab\u5ba1\u6838\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u662f\u6211\u6240\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Reason itself is a good gift of god. \u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u8d50\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u4e00\u822c\u7ffb\u8bd1 reason \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u63a8\u7406 reasoning\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7942\u7684\u5429\u5490\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7942\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb020:11\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5429\u5490\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u8981\u5b88\u5b89\u606f\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u516d\u5929\u4e4b\u5185\u8036\u548c\u534e\u9020\u5929\u5730\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u8981\u5b89\u606f\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5b89\u606f\u3002\u7533\u547d\u8bb05:15\u8282\u53c8\u591a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u4ece\u57c3\u53ca\u4e3a\u5974\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b89\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u6709\u5b89\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e661:18\u8282\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u547c\u5401\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u201cCome now\uff0c let us reason!\u201d\u4e2d\u6587\u5723\u7ecf\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fa9\u8bba\u201d\u3002\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u662freason\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u662f\u201c\u8fa9\u8bba\u201d\u3002\uff09\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u201dtherefore\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e668:1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e6612:1\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u7528\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u201d\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u795e\u4f5c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6307\u671b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u987a\u670d\u7942\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u7528\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u7b97\u5f53\u795e\u7684\u5429\u5490\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5f88\u968f\u610f\uff0c\u5f88\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u7942\u5429\u5490\u4e9a\u5f53\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5403\u90a3\u4e2a\u7981\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u795e\u7684\u5429\u5490\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u4efb\u610f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u539f\u56e0\u7684\uff08\u521b\u4e16\u8bb02:11\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5403\u7684\u90a3\u65e5\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6b7b\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5403\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7981\u679c\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u795e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdd\u80cc\u795e\u7684\u610f\u613f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4e0e\u795e\u9694\u79bb\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u670d\u4e8b\u795e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u670d\u4e8b\u3002\u4ece\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u6765\u670d\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ece\u5fc3\u91cc\u670d\u4e8b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u987a\u670d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ebanot reasonable people\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\u611a\u5984\u7684\u4eba\uff0cthey are fools \uff08\u8bd7\u7bc714:1\u3002\u7bb4\u8a001:32\uff0c\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e661:20\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u786e\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c right reasoning and wrong reasoning\u3002\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u798f\u97f325:24-30\uff09\u5728\u94f6\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u91cc\u9762\uff1a\u90a3\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u53bb\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u94f6\u5b50\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u94f6\u5b50\u85cf\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5927\u6709\u7406\u7531\uff08\u7b2c24-25\u8282\uff1a\uff09\u90a3\u9886\u4e00\u5343\u7684\u4e5f\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u5fcd\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u79cd\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u6536\u5272\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6563\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u805a\u655b\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u5bb3\u6015\u3002\u53bb\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u4e00\u5343\u94f6\u5b50\u57cb\u85cf\u5728\u5730\u91cc\u3002\u8bf7\u770b\u4f60\u7684\u539f\u94f6\u5b50\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u5927\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u7f6a\uff0c\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u7684\uff08\u592a25:26\uff09\u3002\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u7ed9\u7684\u7f8e\u5584\u7684\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u786e\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u7f6a\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u662f a human faculty \u662f\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6478\u7740\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7406\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002Reason is our ability to judge consistency and logical validity\u3002\u7406\u6027\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1fIt enables us to see whether two statements are logically consistent or inconsistent\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u636e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0cwhether an argument is valid or invalid\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u89c1\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u542c\u89c1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u53d7\u5230\u7f6a\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u7f6a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u7740\u6210\u89c1\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u3002Sin gives us a bias against God\u2019s authoritative reasoning. \u7f6a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002Sin commits us to intellectual autonomy\uff0c which destroys knowledge the more consistently it is carried out. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d8a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u8d8a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The term <em>reason<\/em> can be used either descriptively\u00a0 or normatively \uff0c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5c31\u662f referring to the faculty just described\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u5c31\u662f reason\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002normatively \u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f the right use of this faculty\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7406\u6027\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002In the second bad reasoning is not reasoning at all\uff0cit is unreason\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u975e\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u624d\u662f\u597d\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff1fwhat constitutes good reasoning\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5c31\u662f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f But an argument can lead to a false conclusion even when it is a logically valid syllogism.\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0cAll professors of theology eat rats. \u6240\u6709\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u90fd\u5403\u8001\u9f20\u8089\u7684 Dr. Clark is a professor of theology. \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c Dr. Clark eats rats. \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u5403\u8001\u9f20\u8089\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u636e\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0csound syllogisms require not only logical validity\uff0c but also true premises. \u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e09\u6761\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u5355\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u8981\u5408\u7406\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u624d\u884c\u3002Logic alone does not tell us whether our premises are false or true. \u903b\u8f91\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u6bcf\u4e00\u53e5\u662f\u771f\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff1fThat knowledge must come from elsewhere. \u5bf9\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u6765\u3002One cannot\uff0c therefore\uff0c judge the rational strength of arguments by logic alone. \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u529b\u5ea6\u7684\u3002Logical reasoning presupposes knowledge of reality beyond knowledge of logic. \u7528\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u771f\u76f8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b9e\u5b58\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc6\u903b\u8f91\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>In the context of a biblical worldview\uff0c \u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6765\u770b\uff0clogical reasoning \u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7b26\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7942\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002logical reasoning presupposes God\uff0c the author and ultimate standard of logical truth and all human rationality. \u82e5\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002Denying God\uff0c as we have seen\uff0c leads necessarily to irrationality (and to rationalism as well!).<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u597d\u50cf\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u6ce8\u811a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1a\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u90a3\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u505a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u72ed\u4e49\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7ed9\u7406\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u4e94\u5b98\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u7ed9\u7406\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u5a01 \uff0cphilosophers\uff0c who give more authority to reason than to sense experience\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d3e\u662f\u654c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49<em>empiricism<\/em>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\uff0c (\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4(e.g.\uff0c John Locke\uff0c \u6d1b\u514b\uff0cGeorge Berkeley\u4f2f\u514b\u83b1\uff0c and David Hume\u4f11\u8c1f)\uff0c \u540e\u8005\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u4e94\u5b98\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u88ab\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u771f\u7406\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u3002Ren\u00e9 Descartes \u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\uff0cand Spinoza\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u548c\u72ed\u4e49\u6765\u770b\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u6ce8\u811a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>It seemed obvious to them that reason should have the final word in evaluating claims to revelation. \u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6765\u68c0\u8ba8\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5426\u542f\u793a\u3002Indeed\uff0c the only alternative appeared to be that we should make those evaluations <em>unreasonably<\/em>.\u9664\u4e86\u7528\u7406\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u60df\u4e00\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u53bb\u68c0\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u79f0\u4e3a\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>I will surprise readers by saying\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u8ba9\u6211\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u60ca\u8bb6 Christians\uff0c also\uff0c ought to believe in the ultimate authority of reason. \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u76f8\u4fe1\u7406\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u3002But in saying this\uff0c I take <em>reason<\/em> in the normative sense\uff0c \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u662f\u6307\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u6027 \uff0creason functioning at its best. \u5c31\u662f\u7406\u6027\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002Reason has the last word \u7406\u6027\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u5a01because it presupposes the reality of God and subjects itself to the \u201cpremises\u201d of God\u2019s revelation to us.\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u9996\u5148\u575a\u6301\u9884\u8bbe\u795e\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4f0f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u547d\u9898\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The point was often made (as in Immanuel Kant\u2019s \u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728<em>Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone<\/em>2\u5728\u300a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\u91cc\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300b\u597d\u50cf\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e00\u6837)\u00a0 our reason must determine whether it really is an angel\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9700\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u4f7fand whether the angel\u2019s words deserve to be followed. \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5929\u4f7f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u8ddf\u4ece\u7684\u3002This point is just as cogent (if a bit more startling) applied to the personal words of God himself.\u6240\u4ee5\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u795e\u4eb2\u81ea\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u3002 Even if God himself were to speak to you\uff0c \u5c31\u7b97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u73b0\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u8ddf\u4f60\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u8ddf\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e00\u6837\uff0cyour reason must determine whether it is really God speaking\uff0c \u4f60\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0cand whether God deserves to be obeyed.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u914d\u5f97\u4f60\u7684\u987a\u670d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 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