{"id":13984,"date":"2025-05-13T06:42:39","date_gmt":"2025-05-13T06:42:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=13984"},"modified":"2025-05-13T06:42:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T06:42:39","slug":"%e5%9c%a3%e8%a8%80%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%88%e9%9f%b3%ef%bc%89_11_%e7%ac%ac6%e7%ab%a0_%e5%90%af%e7%a4%ba%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e4%bd%93%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=13984","title":{"rendered":"\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\uff08\u97f3\uff09_11_\u7b2c6\u7ae0_\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player13983  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player13983 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player13983{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player13983 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player13983 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player13983\" \r\n  data-poster=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/html5-audio-player-pro\/shortcode\/player\/sticky-default.jpg\" \r\n  data-skin=\"default\" \r\n  data-title=\"Audio Title\" \r\n  data-song=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bfe\u7a0b\/2012_\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\/\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\uff08\u97f3\uff09_11_\u7b2c6\u7ae0_\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027.mp3\" \r\n  data-id=\"13983\" \r\n  data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player13983\" id=\"player13983\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u8bc1\u4e66\u8bfe\u7a0b\/2012_\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\/\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\uff08\u97f3\uff09_11_\u7b2c6\u7ae0_\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u8bb2\u3001\u7b2c6\u7ae0\uff1a\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u6559\u6388_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1acherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u98de\u5f1f\u5144<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5723\u8a00\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u8bb2 Doctrine of the Word of God<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 6: Revelation and Human Subjectivity\u00a0 \u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0: \u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a subjectivity \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u54f2\u5b66\u795e\u5b66\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u7ffb\u6210\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>We have seen that modern theologians have developed ideas of revelation drastically different from the traditional views of the church. \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u671f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002They have substituted human reason for the personal words of God\uff0c as the ultimate test of truth. \u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\uff08\u51c6\u6210\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Some have also tried to locate revelation in history rather than in divine words\uff0c \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cnot only because of the actual prominence of history in Scripture\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u663e\u8457\uff0c but because history seems more amenable to autonomous rational thought than divine words. \u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7531\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6765\u64cd\u7eb5\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u4eb2\u81ea\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u64cd\u7eb5\u55bd\u3002I have tried to show that it is biblically wrong to substitute either history or human rationality for the ultimate authority of God\u2019s personal words. \u6211\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Another approach to revelation in liberal theology has been to identify it with a subjective event\uff0c \u5728\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u542f\u793a\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u628a\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8ba4\u540c\uff0csomething that takes place within the human heart. \u542f\u793a\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002This view is most often associated with Friedrich E. D. Schleiermacher (1768\u20131834)\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff081768\u52301834\uff09\uff0coften called the \u201cfather of modern theology.\u201d \u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Schleiermacher was not pleased with the rationalism of earlier modern thinkers such as Baruch Spinoza and Immanuel Kant. \u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u65af\u5bbe\u632a\u838e\u6216\u8005\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002He thought the focus on reason was unsuitable to the distinctive nature of religion. \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u628a\u7126\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7279\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7684\u3002To him\uff0c religion was based not on reason\uff0c but on <em>Gef\u00fchl<\/em>\uff0c \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e<em>Gef\u00fchl<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em>a German term that can be translated \u201cfeeling\u201d or \u201cintuition.\u201d \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7ffb\u6210\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u662f\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Religion begins\uff0c he thought\uff0c with a \u201cfeeling of absolute dependence\uff0c\u201d \u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0cand <em>God<\/em> is\uff0c in the first instance\uff0c a name for that reality we feel dependent on. \u800c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7684\u5b9e\u5b58\u3002The Christian faith interprets that reality in terms of Jesus Christ. \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5b58\u662f\u7528\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002So Christian theology expresses the Christian religious affections in the form of speech. \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5c31\u7528\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u60c5\u64cd\u3002The feeling is first\uff0c the words (of Scripture and theology) a secondary expression of and reflection on the feeling. \u611f\u89c9\u662f\u9996\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bdd\u8ddf\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u6b21\u5c42\u7684\u3001\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>So for Schleiermacher\uff0c revelation is not the deliverances of reason as such\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u6240\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0cor the history presented in Scripture\uff0c \u542f\u793a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0cbut the feeling of God\uff0c the religious consciousness\uff0c that interprets the biblical history. \u542f\u793a\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u3002Revelation is primarily subjective\uff0c not objective. \u542f\u793a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3002It is not objective truths\uff0c\u542f\u793a\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c but our subjective responses to objective truths.\u4e43\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Although Schleiermacher tries to lessen the emphasis on reason that was so strong in the work of his predecessors\uff0c \u867d\u7136\uff0c\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u628a\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u6027\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u5b83\u51b2\u6de1\u4e86\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\uff08we should note that\uff09 Schleiermacher\u2019s voluminous writings are not just expressions of feeling. \u800c\u65bd\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8fd8\u5199\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u611f\u60c5\u7684\u3002They are rational <em>analyses<\/em> of religious feeling. \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002And as with others we have discussed\uff0c Schleiermacher gives no indication of bringing reason under the authority of divine words. \u6b63\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u613f\u610f\u628a\u7406\u6027\u4f0f\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>His reasoning seeks to be <em>autonomous<\/em>. \u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8981\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u3002Autonomous feelings interpreted by autonomous reasoning.\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u3002 In fact\uff0c one suspects that Schleiermacher has limited revelation to feeling in part to avoid making religious feeling subordinate to divine words. \uff08\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u554a\u3002\uff09\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65bd\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u628a\u542f\u793a\u9650\u5236\u5728\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u5462\uff1f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8ba9\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8981\u670d\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002So Schleiermacher\u2019s differences from the rationalists are not as great as he would have us believe. \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u4e0e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Emotion and reason\uff0c I believe\uff0c are not sharply separate aspects of the mind.1 \u611f\u89c9\u548c\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3 mind \u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u9694\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u3002Each affects the other\uff0c of course. \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002Moreover\uff0c each defines the other in an important sense. \u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u7406\u6027\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f1a\u7ed9\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002Emotion can be understood as a kind of reasoning\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6cd5\uff0c in the sense that it is an appropriate or inappropriate response to data given to the person.2\u56e0\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u611f\u60c5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ce8\u811a\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u9694\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u6ce8\u811a\u4e00\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u8981\u591a\u770b\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8bf7\u770b\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u300b\u539f\u8457 Doctrine of the Knowledge of God 337\u5230339\u9875\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u300a\u795e\u8bba\u300bDoctrine of God 608\u5230611\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709 Doctrine of the Christian Life\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b370\u5230382\u9875\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u611f\u89c9\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u53eb\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Emotional responses tend to be more spontaneous\uff0c \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\uff1a\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\uff0crational responses more labored; \u7406\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684; but there is a continuum between these\uff0c not a sharp division.\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u53ea\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6ce8\u89d2\u4e8c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u90a3\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4 And reason is a kind of emotion: \u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd: for when we arrive at conviction following a process of rational analysis\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c that conviction is very much a feeling\uff0c \u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u975e\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u7684\uff0cwhat I have elsewhere called \u201ccognitive rest.\u201d3\u6211\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u79f0\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4e3a\u601d\u60f3\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u606f\u3002(\u6ce8\u811a3\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u300bdoctrine of knowledge god \u539f\u8457152\u5230162\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>So when we pass from Spinoza to Schleiermacher\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\u5230\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cfrom reason to feeling as a judge of truth\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7406\u6027\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fc7\u5230\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cwe have not passed very far.\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u5f88\u8fdc\u7684\u8def\u7684\u3002 The real issue is between those who accept and reject autonomy\uff0c not between autonomous reason and autonomous feeling. \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff0c\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Similarly\uff0c there is not a great difference between Schleiermacher and those liberal theologians who have identified revelation with history. \u540c\u6837\u7684\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u542f\u793a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e24\u6d3e\u7684\u5206\u522b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u3002For what they consider history is either an achievement of autonomous reason \u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u7684(Albrecht Ritschl\uff0c Wolfhart Pannenberg) or a datum malleable to subjective faith \u6216\u8005\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8981\u4f0f\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3002(Oscar Cullmann). Rationalism\uff0c historicism\uff0c and subjectivism \u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49are three perspectives on autonomous human thought. \u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002None are capable of dealing properly with God\u2019s personal words.\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4eb2\u81ea\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0cwe should look at some more recent representatives of theological subjectivism\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u671f\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0cfor many have followed Schleiermacher\u2019s emphasis.\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5462\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6765\u601d\u60f3\u7684 \u3002 Although S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard (1813\u201355) \u867d\u7136\u7941\u514b\u679c\uff081813\u52301855\uff09recognized an objective revelation in Scripture\uff0c \u867d\u7136\u7941\u514b\u679c\u627f\u8ba4\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0che considered the objective truth of Scripture to be far less important than our subjective response to God. \u7941\u514b\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u5723\u7ecf\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u771f\u7406\u8fdc\u8fdc\u7684\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Emil Brunner (1889\u20131966)\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\uff081889-1966\uff09was deeply critical of Schleiermacher. \u662f\u5bf9\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7684\u3002Yet\uff0c following suggestions of Martin Buber (1878\u20131965) and Ferdinand Ebner (1882\u20131931)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u5e03\u4f2f\uff081878-1965\uff09 \u548c\u57c3\u5e03\u7eb3\uff081882-1931\uff09\u5e74\u7684\uff0c Brunner came to think that revelation in its highest sense was a personal encounter between God and the individual. \u5e03\u4f26\u7eb3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b97\u6559\u4ece\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eb2\u81ea\u7684\u76f8\u9047encounter \u3002The divine-human encounter cannot be described objectively.\u795e\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u53bb\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u3002 Indeed\uff0c the use of words depersonalizes it. \u662f\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u8bdd\u8bed\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4f7f\u7684\u975e\u4f4d\u683c\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Factual knowledge \u201cabout\u201d God compromises the integrity of our knowledge of God himself. \u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u59a5\u534f\u6389\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u3002So revelation can never be identified with a spoken discourse or a written document. \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u7b49\u4e8e\u67d0\u67d0\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5199\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002In this sense\uff0c it is subjective rather than objective.\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6e29\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u8005\u662f\u542f\u793a\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c2\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0cthe feel \uff0cfeeling \u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u662f\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f1a\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0cabsolute dependence \u3002\u542f\u793a\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8d2c\u4f4e\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u7941\u514b\u679c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ed6\u524d\u9762\u7684Martin Buber\u8fd8\u6709 Ferdinand Ebner 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HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u8bb2\u3001\u7b2c6\u7ae0\uff1a\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027 \u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u6559\u6388_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u82f1\u6587\uff1acherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u98de\u5f1f\u5144  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