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audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u601d\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c21<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aXSS\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u601d\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2NEW PERSPECTIVE ON PAUL\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u7ecf\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u975e\u5e38\u5207\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6551\u6069\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6551\u6069\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79f0\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u662f\u8981\u5f15\u7528Orthodox Presbyterian Church\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b63\u7edf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u662fopc.org\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c73\u6b21\u7684\u603b\u4f1a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u79f0\u4e49\u4e0e\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8457\u662f\u4ece34\u9875\u523055\u9875\u3002\u6b63\u7edf\u957f\u8001\u4f1a1936\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5c31\u662f\u6885\u94a6\uff0c\u6885\u94a6\u535a\u58eb\u4e5f\u662f\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u521b\u529e\u4eba\uff0c\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u662f1929\u5e74\u521b\u6821\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u770bOPC\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff0cThe New Perspective on Paul\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u3002\u5148\u8bfb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u7684\u5f15\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u603b\u4f1a\u6307\u6d3e\u6211\u4eec\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u505a\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6279\u5224\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u505a\u597d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7efc\u89c8\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ea6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u89e3\u91ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u3001\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f7f\u5f92\u5f7c\u5f97\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5f7c\u540e3\uff1a16\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f1f\u5144\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u96be\u61c2\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6bb5\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u5904\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u6837\u7684\u660e\u767d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e66\u4fe1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d77\u843d\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u7236\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u4e3b\u540e100-600\uff09\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6551\u6069\u201d\u7684\u6551\u8d4e\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65bd\u884c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e3b\u52a8\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u548c\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\uff081517-1565\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u540e600\u52301300\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u539f\u5219\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u56db\u91cd\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u6cd5\uff08\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u662f1225-1274\uff09\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7b2c19\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u9c8d\u5c14\uff0cF.C. Baur \uff081792-1860\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u662fAlbert Schweitzer\uff081875-1965\uff09\u3002\u572819\u8ddf20\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u9c8d\u5c14\u8ddfSchweitzer\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u8fa9\u8bba\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\u8ddf\u4f2f\u62c9\u7ea0\uff0c\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u662f\u5426\u552f\u72ec\u6069\u5178\uff1b\u5728\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u6240\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff1b\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u6cd5\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\uff1b19\u8ddf20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u572819\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aF.C. Baur\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281770\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5723\u7ecf\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u7ecf\u8981\u7edd\u5bf9\u548c\u6559\u4e49\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc7\u95ee\u5723\u7ecf\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u5bb6\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u89e3\u7ecf\u5c31\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u89e3\u7ecf\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5982\u7814\u7a7619\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u91ca\u7ecf\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u56db\u798f\u97f3\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7f57\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u65e7\u7ea6\u3001\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u7136\u540e19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ddf\u5df4\u7279\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6765\u770b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\uff0c\u8bb2\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u662f\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bb2\u51e0\u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u9886\u8896\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff1aKrister Stendahl\u53f2\u5766\u5ea6\uff0cE.P. Sanders\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\uff0cN.T. Wright\u8d56\u7279\uff0cJames Dunn\u9093\u96c5\u5404\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u5c31\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u7684\u524d\u63d0Prolegomena\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u8c08\u5230\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u91cc\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u516c\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e49Righteousness\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3aWorks of the law\uff0c\u7136\u540eJustification\u79f0\u4e49\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\uff0c\u5c31\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u8fd0\u52a8\u91cc\u7684\u79f0\u4e49\u89c2\u6216\u8005\u79f0\u4e49\u8bbaDoctrine Of Justification\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u5c31\u4f1a\u6279\u5224\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6279\u5224\u4fdd\u7f57\u65b0\u89c2\u7684\u79f0\u4e49\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\u51e0\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9886\u8896\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u89c2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9886\u8896\u662f\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u6ed5\u8fbe\u5c14\uff08Krister Stendahl\uff0c1921-2008\uff09\uff0c1961\u5e74Stendahl\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5728American Psychological association\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u30021961\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u5f00\u5730\u6279\u5224\u8bf4\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u5b66\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u5b66\u662f\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u9886\u8896\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff1b\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bb2\u5230\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u548c\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u4fdd\u7f57\u8bb2\u5230\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8ddf\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u656c\u8654\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5784\u65ad\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u5185\u759a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u662f\u7684<em>The introspective conscience of the West<\/em>\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u300b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5185\u7701\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\uff0cStendahl\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u65e7\u7ea6\u91cc\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u59a5\u62c9\uff08Torah\uff09\uff0c\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5272\u793c\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u98df\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u540e\u671f\u7684\u656c\u8654\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\u3001\u5f8b\u6cd5\u3001\u5272\u793c\uff0c\u65e7\u7ea6\u5bf9\u996e\u98df\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002Stendahl\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u7ea6\u5b66\u8005\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u8bfb\u4fdd\u7f57\u5462\uff1f\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u7f6a\u7684\u6323\u624e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u53bb\u8bfb\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u597d\u50cf\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bf4\u662f**\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0cStendahl\u6279\u5224\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6279\u5224\u65b0\u7ea6\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\uff0c\u90fd\u597d\u50cf\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7f6a\u7684\u6323\u624e\u53bb\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\uff0c\u4eceStendahl\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u3002\u6839\u636eStendahl\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u529f\u52b3\u3001\u529f\u5fb7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u529f\u5fb7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bfb\u8fdb\u53bb\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u548c\u52a0\u62c9\u592a\u4e66\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5904\u5883\u6765\u89e3\u8bfb\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002Stendahl\u5bf9\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u89e3\u7ecf\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u759a\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u5185\u759a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u6ce8\u610f\u5230Stendahl\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u662f\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u9886\u8896E.P.\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\uff08E.P. Sanders\uff0c1937-2022\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662fCovenantal Nomism\u6069\u7ea6\u5b88\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6069\u7ea6\u5b88\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b88\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002E.P. Sanders\uff0c\u4ed6\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f<em>Paul and Palestinian Judaism<\/em>\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u300a\u4fdd\u7f57\u4e0e\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u300b1977\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u4e00\u822c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b8c\u5168\u6253\u7834\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u89c2\u70b9\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e00\u5411\u6765\u770b\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u8981\u6bc1\u706d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6bc1\u706d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u662f\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u5199\u7740\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u900f\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u9075\u884c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u60f3\u8981\u8d5a\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6551\u6069\u7684\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5723\u6bbf\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5723\u6bbf\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u65e7\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u5199\u5b8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5723\u6bbf\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9760\u884c\u4e3a\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6069\u5178\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcdCovenantal 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Wright\u8d56\u7279\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57The Apostle of History\u3002\u53f2\u5766\u5ea6\u8ddf\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9762\u4e16\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0cN.T. Wright\u5c31\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u6765\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6765\u9a73\u65a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d56\u7279\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u5bb6\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\u683c\u54c8\u5fb7\u00b7\u827e\u4f2f\u6797\uff08Gerhard Ebeling\uff0c1912-2001\uff09\uff0c\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u5bb6\uff0c\u628a\u79f0\u4e49\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u62bd\u79bb\u4e86\uff0c\u597d\u53eb\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8d56\u7279\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8def\u5fb7\u5b97\u7684\u89e3\u7ecf\u5bb6\uff0c\u628a\u79f0\u4e49\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u62bd\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u9a6c\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u795e\u7684\u8bdd\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u548c\u5341\u5b57\u67b6\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8d56\u7279\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u89e3\u91ca\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u634f\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u634f\u9020\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5148\u634f\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u53bb\u8ba9\u4fdd\u7f57\u53bb\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u3002\u6240\u4ee5N.T. 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