{"id":12725,"date":"2024-11-01T07:14:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T07:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12725"},"modified":"2025-01-12T13:53:32","modified_gmt":"2025-01-12T13:53:32","slug":"%e4%b8%8e%e6%8f%90%e6%91%a9%e5%a4%aa%e5%87%af%e5%8b%92%e4%ba%a4%e9%94%8b_04_%e7%a5%9e%e5%af%bc%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%88schweitzer%ef%bc%89%e5%9c%a8%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e9%94%99%e8%af%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12725","title":{"rendered":"\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b_04_\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff08Schweitzer\uff09&#038;\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5bfb\u627e\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901aEnd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"shortcode\"> <style> #h5vp6a3e2f32c69f3 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e2f32c69f3 video { max-width:100% 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overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player12724{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player12724 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player12724 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player12724\" \r\n  data-poster=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/html5-audio-player-pro\/shortcode\/player\/sticky-default.jpg\" \r\n  data-skin=\"default\" \r\n  data-title=\"Audio Title\" \r\n  data-song=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2016_\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b\/\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b_04_\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff08Schweitzer\uff09&amp;\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5bfb\u627e\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901aEnd.mp3\" \r\n  data-id=\"12724\" \r\n  data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player12724\" id=\"player12724\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2016_\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b\/\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b_04_\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff08Schweitzer\uff09&amp;\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5bfb\u627e\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901aEnd.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>\u300a\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b\u300bEngaging with Keller\u4e66\u8bc4\u7b2c\u56db\u8bb2\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5230\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc7\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0cDr. Schweitzer also wrote the next essay on theistic evolution: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e24\u4f4d\u7f16\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u662f\u8bba\u5230\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u201cNot Quite\u201d Theistic Evolution: does Tim Keller bridge the gap between creation and evolution? \u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u201d\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u662f\u5426\u5728\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b51\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u6865\u6881\u5462\uff1fThe title is drawn from an answer that Dr. Keller gave in an interview \u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u53d6\u81ea\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u53d7\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7b54\u590dwhere he was asked if his views were theistic evolution. \u4ed6\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6307\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002He replied\uff0c\u201cNot quite\u201d (161). \u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>One of the major obstacles to faith that Keller identifies is the conflict<\/p>\n<p>between the doctrine of creation and the theory of evolution. \u51ef\u52d2\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u62e6\u963b\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u2026 Keller suggests that there is a via media \u51ef\u52d2\u63d0\u8bae\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0cwherein we can affirm both the reality of evolution and also the biblical teaching of God\u2019s creation. \u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u80af\u5b9a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9ereality\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u5723\u7ecf\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u3002But what sort of evolution does Keller think is consistent with Christian faith? \u4f46\u662f\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5462\uff1f\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u51ef\u52d2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5462\uff1fAn evolution that produced Adam? \u2026\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5462\uff1f&#8230; Or does he mean an evolution that had nothing to do with Adam? \u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Schweitzer does not share Dr. Keller\u2019s belief that a via media must be found: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>There is no particular reason why the conflict of Christianity with evolutionary science is a problem demanding a solution \u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6848any more than the conflict of Christianity with Islam \u7b49\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559(an ideology which\uff0cmuch like evolutionary theory\uff0cwas conceived in self-conscious rejection of Christianity\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002) (154).<\/p>\n<p>In his writings and interviews on the subject of evolution\uff0c\u5728\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u63a5\u53d7\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\uff0cDr. Keller explains that belief in some type of evolution can be consistent with Christianity.\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002 Dr. Schweitzer explains that this leaves Dr. Keller with two options: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u7559\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ed9\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d70\uff1aevolution that includes the origin of Adam \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8fdb\u5316or evolution that excludes Adam. \u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u662f\u6392\u9664\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u3002There are problems with both options. \u4e24\u6761\u8def\u90fd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>If Adam is the result of evolution\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0cthen damage is done to the biblical understanding of Adam and all the doctrines that go with it: \u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u5f53\u6709\u5173\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff1aSchweitzer\u8bf4\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>The culpability of the human race\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0cthe justice of God\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u516c\u4e49\uff0cthe basis of redemption\uff0c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0cthe identity of Christ\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0cand the gospel itself \u8fd8\u6709\u798f\u97f3\u672c\u8eabare all predicated upon a first man\uff0cAdam\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e0awho was the biological and spiritual father of every human being. \u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u59cb\u7956\u3002Without this biblical Adam we do not have a biblical Christianity (158). \u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Schweitzer notes that some theistic evolutionists attempt to reconcile<\/p>\n<p>an evolutionary origin of Adam with special creation: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8981\u8c03\u548c\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u662f\u4ece\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u90a3\u8fb9\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7279\u522b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u8c03\u548c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1aHowever\uff0cbelief in a \u201cliteral\u201d Adam \u2013 a single human being from whom we all descended \u2013 does not necessarily preclude believing that this literal Adam had some form of sub-human ancestor. This would seem to be what the language in Keller\u2019s white paper is designed to allow for; \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5b57\u610f\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e9a\u5f53\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u6392\u9664\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u610f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4eba\u5f97\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u51ef\u52d2\u7684\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u7684\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u597d\u50cf\u7684\u7528\u610f\u662f\u8981\u5bb9\u8bb8\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53the idea that evolution was involved in the generation of Adam (158). \u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u7275\u626f\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u3002This approach raises as many questions as it answers\uff0cthough (158).\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u8def\u63d0\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Given that Dr. Keller has indicated that he does not share approach to a literal Adam\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u5df2\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u610f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e9a\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\uff0cDr. Schweitzer considers the second option:Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u5c31\u8003\u8651\u53e6\u5916\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps he is only talking about evolution somehow being used in various other aspects of creation\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51ef\u52d2\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7528\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0cbut having no role in God\u2019s immediate creation of Adam. \u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u9020\u4e9a\u5f53\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u3002This seems closer to Keller\u2019s personal position\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u50cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u9760\u8fd1\u51ef\u52d2\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0cwhich he distinguishes from theistic evolution \u4ed6\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u795e\u5bfc\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u8981\u533a\u522b\u7684as \u201ca bit more intervention\uff0cmore God in there\u201d (159). \u4ed6\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u70b9\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u70b9\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Would this option be an acceptable solution to the problem of reconciling evolutionary science with Christianity? \u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u8c03\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u5462\uff1fDr. Schweitzer doesn\u2019t think so: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1aAn account that included evolution at some places but left out this capstone of the project \u5047\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0&#8211;\u4e9a\u5f53\u7684\u521b\u9020\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\uff0cwould seem to do very little to help Christians live in intellectual peace with the secular elite \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u5e73\u5b89\u7684\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5171\u5b58who regard the evolution of mankind from animals as an inviolable dogma (159). \u56e0\u4e3a\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ece\u52a8\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u72af\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u6761\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Schweitzer concludes: Schweitzer\u535a\u58eb\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1aNot every obstacle to faith is a false dichotomy waiting to be bridged. \u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e6\u963b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002Some \u201cproblems\u201d are quite real \u6709\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u771f\u7684\u95ee\u9898and admit of no legitimate resolution. \u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u7406\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u3002The intellectual conflict over the origins of life on earth is a prime example (160). \u751f\u547d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p>The final essay\uff0c\u201cLooking for Communion in All the Wrong Places: Tim Keller and Presbyterian Ecclesiology\uff0c\u201d\u6240\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u53bb\u627e\u5723\u5f92\u7684\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u548c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba was written by Dr. D.G. Hart\uff0c\u53ea\u7531Hart\u535a\u58eb\u5199\u7684\uff0cAdjunct Professor of Church History at Westminster Seminary\uff0cCalifornia.Hart\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u6388\u3002 Dr. Hart considers whether Dr. Keller\u2019s work\uff0cespecially through his church planting network\uff0cis consistent with a Presbyterian ecclesiology:Hart\u535a\u58eb\u8003\u8651\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u79cd\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Hart \u8bf4Tim Keller is the most famous Presbyterian pastor in the United States today;\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff1b but whether he identifies his ministry self-consciously with Presbyterianism is another question (164). \u4f46\u662f\u81f3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0e\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8ba4\u540c\u5462\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Hart explains: Hart\u535a\u58eb\u89e3\u91ca\uff1aKeller\u2019s twin commitments to word and deed \u51ef\u52d2\u53cc\u91cd\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u53e3\u4f20\u548c\u8eab\u4f20and to urban ministry \u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u57ce\u5e02\u5ba3\u6559\u7684\u59d4\u8eabhave led him into cooperative projects with non-Presbyterians\uff0c\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u4eba\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0ca further indication of the degree to which his Presbyterianism defines his ministry (172).\u00a0 \u8fd9\u66f4\u52a0\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u7a76\u7adf\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>One of the examples of Dr. Keller\u2019s work with non-Presbyterians is his Redeemer City to City church planting network: \u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u4e0e\u975e\u957f\u8001\u5b97\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u57ce\u5e02\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Hart \u8bf4\uff0cRedeemer City to City is a church-planting network that started with RPC\u2019s initial efforts to plant churches throughout the New York metropolitan area.\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u57ce\u5e02\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u62d3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u8d77\u521d\u8981\u5728\u5927\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u5927\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f00\u62d3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002 It now extend to churches around the world\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0cparticularly to congregations in large urban centers\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u7684\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\uff0cand its aim is to sustain a movement of churches not with a Presbyterian model but with Redeemer\u2019s vision for ministry (172) \u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4f5c\u6559\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u7528\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u5f02\u8c61\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>What is remarkable about this work is\uff0caccording to Dr. Hart\uff0c\u6839\u636eHart\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e43\u662fthat Dr. Keller sees a closer relationship with those who share his ministry goals than with those who share his denominational vows: \u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u548c\u4ed6\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5728PCA\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u53d1\u8fc7\u8a93\uff0c\u505a\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u4eb2\u8fd1\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>In fact\uff0cthe communion that he has through belonging to the PCA does<\/p>\n<p>not seem to be as important or as valuable as the kind of community he<\/p>\n<p>hopes to establish through a network of urban churches committed to<\/p>\n<p>word and deed ministries and social justice. \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728PCA\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u7684\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u597d\u50cf\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u53e3\u4f20\u8eab\u4f20\u8ddf\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u5723\u5f92\u76f8\u901a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5b9d\u8d35\u3002\u2026 What stands out in Keller and RPC\u2019s commitments \u51ef\u52d2\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u4e3b\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e4b\u5904is not adherence to Reformed theology\uff0cworship\uff0cand Presbyterian church government\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u9075\u884c\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u656c\u62dc\u548c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0cbut the priority of mercy ministries\uff0curban sensibilities\uff0cand evangelistic strategy for transforming cities and the wider culture (180-181) \u4ed6\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u662f\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u601c\u60af\u4e8b\u5de5\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u654f\u611f\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Because of this\uff0cDr. Hart concludes: \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0cHart\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1aThese contradictions make Keller the most popular contemporary Presbyterian pastor for whom the markers of Presbyterianism appear to matter very little (182). \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5c31\u8ba9\u51ef\u52d2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Having considered these specific concerns with certain aspects of Dr. Keller\u2019s teaching\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7f16\u8005\u8003\u8651\u5230\uff0c\u51ef\u52d2\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cthe authors conclude with their hope for continued conversation and engagement on these issues:\u7f16\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u76fc\u671b\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u548c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ea4\u950b\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u4eec\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>We look forward to the process of clarification which will follow. \u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002What is important is not that our own objections be confirmed \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u88ab\u80af\u5b9abut that Keller\u2019s own Reformed theology\uff0creflective as it is of the biblical truth\uff0cbe transmitted in ways that are completely clear (184). \u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51ef\u52d2\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5723\u7ecf\u771f\u7406\u7684\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e66\u8bc4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u662fRachel Miller is News Editor for the Aquila Report. \u662fAquila Report\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u3002She is also a homeschooling mother of 3 boys \u5979\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5bb6\u6559\u4e09\u4f4d\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2and member of a PCA church in Spring\uff0cTexas. \u5979\u662f\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5ddeSpring\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aPCA\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u53cb\u3002This article first appeared on her blog\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9996\u5148\u5728\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u51fa\u73b0\u3002A Daughter of the Reformation\uff0c\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff0cand is used with permission. \u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u4e0e\u63d0\u6469\u592a\u51ef\u52d2\u4ea4\u950b\u300bEngaging with Keller\u4e66\u8bc4\u7b2c\u56db\u8bb2\uff1a \u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-146"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12725"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12725\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}