{"id":12498,"date":"2024-10-05T23:00:51","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T23:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12498"},"modified":"2024-10-05T23:00:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T23:00:51","slug":"%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%a2%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8a%e5%ad%a6%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_%e9%80%bb%e8%be%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12498","title":{"rendered":"\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49_\u903b\u8f91"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u903b\u8f91<\/h1>\n

LOGIC<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/a> \u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    LOGIC<\/strong><\/p>\n

    (From John M. Frame, Cornelius Van Til: An Analysis of His Thought<\/em>, Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1995, chapter 12, pp. 151-160.)<\/p>\n

    \u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u8d3a\u6cbb<\/strong>\u63d0\u51fa<\/strong>\u7684\u4e09\u8981\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Introduction: Hodge\u2019s Three Points<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u300c\u903b\u8f91\u300d\u8fd9\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u300c\u7406\u6027\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300d\u4e0e\u8d3a\u6cbb\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u8d3a\u6cbb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e09\u8981\u70b9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u6709\u300c\u63a5\u53d7\u300d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u6709\u5b83\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u3002\u8d3a\u6cbb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u662f\u5ba1\u6838\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\u3002\u8d3a\u6cbb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u6709\u300c\u6743\u5229\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u82e5\u7406\u6027\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8bba\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u5a01\u3001\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u7406\u6027\u9886\u53d7\u5b83\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08IST, 36 = ITS2, 79\uff0c\u5f15\u81ea\u8d3a\u6cbb\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u300b1:51\uff09<\/p>\n

    We continue our discussion of Van Til\u2019s view of reason by considering the subject of logic.\u00a0 In the last chapter, we focused on his interaction with Hodge\u2019s view of the place of reason in theology. The first of Hodge\u2019s three points was that reason has the function of \u201creceiving\u201d revelation. Van Til took that as asserting the primacy of the intellect, and we dealt with that in the last chapter. Hodge\u2019s second point is that reason is the judicium contradictionis<\/em>, the judge of contradiction. Hodge says that reason has the \u201cprerogative of deciding whether a thing is possible or impossible. If it is seen to be impossible, no authority and no amount or kind of evidence can impose the obligation to receive it as true.\u201d [IST, 36 = IST2, 79, quoting Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology<\/em> (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, n.d.), 1:51.]<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d3a\u6cbb\uff01\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Should Have Disagreed with Hodge! But He Doesn\u2019t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8bfb\u8005\u82e5\u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6599\u8303\u6c0f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8d3a\u6c0f\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5370\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u8d3a\u6c0f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u51fb\u8d25\u4ed6\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u81f3\u7ec8\u4f1a\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u67c4\u5224\u65ad\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u6b64\u6743\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n

    Persons with a little familiarity with Van Til\u2019s thought might expect that he would simply disagree with Hodge here. Certainly, our first impression of the discussion is that Van Til is setting Hodge up for a fall. Eventually, surely, Van Til will insist that reason has no right to judge what is possible, only God does.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u6bd4\u8f83\u5fae\u5999\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4ed6\u5206\u8fa8\u300c\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u7406\u6027\u7684\u786e\u6709\u6743\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    His Response Is More Subtle:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Distinguishes Theistic\/Non-Theistic View of Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Reason Does Have A Right to Judge Revelation \u2013 Issue is: How?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u786e\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u81f3\u7ec8\u6743\u67c4\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d3a\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8bed\u8c03\u6765\u56de\u5e94\u8d3a\u6cbb\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u540c\u610f\u8d3a\u6cbb\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u5206\u8fa8\u300c\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff09\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d\u6765\u6f84\u6e05\u95ee\u9898\u3002[\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u666e\u904d\u6069\u5178\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u9875183\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u679c\u65ad\u5730\u62d2\u7edd\u8d3a\u6cbb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u300c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5373\u8d3a\u6cbb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff09\u5728\u751a\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff08so far as\uff09\u7528\u8fd9\u300e\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8eab\u4e3a\uff08as such\uff09\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u300f\u8fd9\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u300d\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u5728\u751a\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u300d\uff08so far as\uff09\u548c\u300c\u8eab\u4e3a\u300d\uff08as such\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6697\u793a\u8d3a\u6cbb\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6b63\u9762\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u666e\u904d\u6069\u5178\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u300b\u7b2c184\u9875\uff08\u4e5f\u5728IST\uff09\u663e\u7136\u6279\u5224\u8d3a\u6cbb\uff0c\u6307\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u8fa8\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7406\u6027\u89c2\u300d\u3002] \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u6709\u6743\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7406\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til does accord to God the ultimate right to make such judgments, but here he does not simply disagree with Hodge; rather, the tone of his response is surprisingly positive. Basically, he also agrees with what Hodge says, but he tries to clarify the question by pressing the distinction between (Christian) theistic and nontheistic views of logic. (In CGG, 183, Van Til seems to reject Hodge\u2019s position flatly: \u201cThe Princeton method, so far as it worked by this method of appeal to the reason of man as such as the judge of the possible and the impossible, was flatly opposed to the Princeton theology.\u201d However, the phrases \u201cso far as\u201d and \u201cas such\u201d imply that Hodge\u2019s point could be taken in a good sense. On p. 184, it is plain that here, as in IST, Van Til criticizes Hodge mainly for failing to distinguish Christian from non-Christian views of reason.) Ultimately, Van Til\u2019s conclusion is that reason does indeed have the right to judge the logical consistency of revelation, but reason itself must be subordinate to God.<\/p>\n

    \u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5904\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\uff1b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3001\u6216\u7136\u7387<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Theist\u2019s Uniqueness: He Knows That God\u2019s Nature Is Foundation of Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Non-Theist\u2019s Logic Operates Independently from God;<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Thus, His God\u2019s Source = Possibility\/Probability<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u300c\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u300d\u4e24\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\u800c\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u5219\u76f8\u4fe1\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u300c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8fd0\u4f5c\u300d\uff08IST, 37 = IST2, 81\uff09\u3002\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u82e5\u76f8\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08god\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4e43\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08possibility\uff09\u300d\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff08IST, 38 = ITS2, 82\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u300c\u6216\u7136\u7387\u300d\uff08probability\uff09\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff08IST, 38 = IST2, 82\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    The main difference between theistic and nontheistic views of logic is that the theist finds the foundation of logic to be the nature of God, while the nontheist believes that logic \u201coperates independently of God.\u201d (IST, 37 = IST2, 81.) If some god exists for the nontheist, that god \u201chas his source in possibility\u201d rather than the reverse. (IST, 38 = IST2, 82.) The same can be said for probability. (IST, 38 = IST2, 82.)<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7406\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

    God\u2019s Nature = Rational; In God = Absolute System of Truth<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Our Rationality Expresses God\u2019s Rationality<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DF2, 43; CGG, 142\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff08rationality\uff09\u662f\u88ab\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b83\u8868\u8fbe\u7740\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002\u77db\u76fe\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08the law of contradiction\uff09\u662f\u300c\u5728\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong>\uff08the internal coherence of God\u2019s nature\uff09\u300d[IST, 11\uff08\u5f17\u5170\u59c6\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4eb2\u81ea\u52a0\u5f3a\u8bed\u6c14\uff09]\u3002<\/p>\n

    For Van Til, God\u2019s nature is rational. In him is an absolute system of truth. (DF2, 43; CGG, 142.) Our own rationality is created, but it expresses God\u2019s; the law of contradiction is \u201cthe expression on a created level of the internal coherence of God\u2019s nature<\/strong>.\u201d [IST, 11 (emphasis by Van Til).]<\/p>\n

    \u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u300d\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6765\u6e90\u300d\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8d3a\u6cbb\u8bc9\u8bf8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u4f59\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5171\u540c\u610f\u8bc6\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unbeliever Retains Some Remnant of Knowledge of God;<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Thus Retains Some of True Source of Meaning and Possibility<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hodge Appeals to This Remnant: Men\u2019s Common Consciousness<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u538b\u5236\u771f\u7406 [\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u4e66\uff08CVT\uff09\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u7d22\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b]\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b8b\u4f59\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08knowledge of God\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u56e0\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0e\u6216\u7136\u7387\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5f53\u8d3a\u6cbb\u8bf4\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08laws of belief\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6b8b\u4f59\u7684\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300d\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u300c\u5171\u540c\u610f\u8bc6\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff08IST, 11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    Unbelievers, though they repress the truth [We will explore in detail the differences between believer and unbeliever in chap. 15 (CVT)], nevertheless retain some remnant of the knowledge of God and consequently of the true source and meaning of possibility and probability. It is to this remnant of a truly theistic interpretation of experience that Hodge really appeals when he speaks of the laws of belief that God has implanted in human nature. It is, of course, not only quite legitimate, but absolutely imperative to appeal to the \u201ccommon consciousness\u201d of men in this sense. (IST, 11.)<\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    In Theistic Sense, God Cannot Do What Is Immoral<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u82e5\u4ece\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u3001\u8ba4\u53ef\u3001\u6216\u5429\u5490\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d\uff08IST, 39 = IST2, 84.\uff09\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5429\u5490\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u7942\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6027\u91cc\u6240\u523b\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b9a\u5f8b\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d\uff08IST, 40 = IST2, 85.\uff09\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0e\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08the laws of his own nature\uff09\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

    Taking logic in the theistic sense, it is quite correct to say, \u201cIt is impossible that God should do, approve, or command that is morally wrong.\u201d (IST, 39 = IST2, 84.) Nor is it possible that \u201cGod should command anything that \u2018contradicts the law of belief which He has impressed upon our nature.\u2019 \u201d (IST, 40 = IST2, 85.) God is not illogical, for he is consistent with the laws of his own nature.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6279\u8bc4\u8d3a\u6cbb\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u548c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Critiques Hodge: Didn\u2019t Distinguish Christian\/Non-Christian Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6279\u8bc4\u8d3a\u6cbb\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u5206\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u300d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8d3a\u6cbb\u540c\u6837\u72af\u4e86\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6307\u8d23\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08Gordon Clark\uff09\u3001\u5361\u5c14\u4e43\u793c\uff08E.J.Carnell\uff09\u3001\u53f2\u5bc6\u592b\uff08Wilbur M. Smith\uff09\u3001\u6b65\u65af\u5a01\u7406\uff08Oliver Buswell, Jr.\uff09\u548c\u8def\u6613\u58eb\uff08C.S. Lewis\uff09\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff08IST, 39 = IST2, 83-84\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til critiques Hodge, however, for failing to draw a distinction between logic as used by a Christian and logic as used by a non-Christian. In this respect, Hodge makes the same error that Van Til attributes to Gordon H. Clark, Edward J. Carnell, Wilbur M. Smith, J. Oliver Buswell, Jr., and C.S. Lewis. (IST, 39 = IST2, 83-84.)<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\uff09\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\uff08\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\uff09\u798f\u97f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u751a\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u6216\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff1f\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Thus: Don\u2019t Ask Unbelievers to Apply Their Law of Contradiction, As They See It, to the Gospel As They See It<\/strong><\/p>\n

    What Is Possible\/Impossible? What Is\/Isn\u2019t Contradiction?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Christian and Non-Christian Have Different Ideas<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u7406\u6027\u672c\u6027\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u90fd\u6301\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u8981\u6c42\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u300c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u4e0a\u300d\uff08IST, 41 = IST2, 86\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u798f\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n

    Non-Christians, says Van Til, have very different ideas from Christians about what is possible and impossible, and about what contradicts and what does not contradict our moral and rational natures. Therefore, we must not ask unbelievers to \u201capply the law of contradiction as they see it to the gospel as they see it,\u201d (IST, 41 = IST2, 86) for then they would reject the gospel.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u82e5\u534e\u5c14\u975e\u5fb7\u8bc9\u8bf8\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u8981\u6307\u8d23\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u5bf9\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u7763\u7684\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1b\u4f46\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611a\u8822<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til: Warfield\u2019s Appeal to Natural Man Is OK If of An Ad Hominem Nature<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Christ Does Ask Natural Man to Judge Revelation;<\/strong><\/p>\n

    But Christ Asks Man to Admit His Own Foolishness Before God<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8bd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u534e\u5c14\u975e\u5fb7\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u300c\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u82e5\u534e\u5c14\u975e\u5fb7\u4ee5\u6307\u8d23\u4eba<\/p>\n

    \uff08ad hominem\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bc9\u8bf8\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\uff08\u7f6a\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\uff08\u7f6a\u4eba\uff09\u5224\u65ad\u7942\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u7942\u4ea6\u8981\u6c42\u7f6a\u4eba\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6210\u4e3a\u611a\u62d9\u3002\u300d\uff08PDS, 61\uff09<\/p>\n

    Compare Van Til\u2019s comment about Warfield, the great Old Princeton theologian of the next generation: \u201cTo be sure, if Warfield\u2019s appeal to the natural man were of an ad hominem nature, then it would be well. Christ does ask the natural man to judge with respect to the truth of his claims. But then he asks them to admit that their own wisdom has been made foolish by God.\u201d (PDS, 61.)<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u8003\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff08\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\uff09\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\uff08\u672c\u4f53\uff09\u6027\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5374\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff08\u903b\u8f91\uff09\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u538b\u6291\u771f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u4e00\u628a\u9510\u5229\u7684\u952f\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u653e\u9519\u4e86\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Doesn\u2019t Answer All Questions Here<\/strong><\/p>\n

    E.g. Is Unbeliever Unable to Think Logically? No<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Often Non-Believers Are Excellent in Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Antithesis Between Believer\/Unbeliever Is Ethical, Not Metaphysical<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unbeliever Uses His Reason to Attack\/Repress The Truth<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Example: Sharp, Efficient Saw \u2013 But Set In Wrong Direction<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u8f83\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5230\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u7b54\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u53c2\u8003\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6709\u5426\u8bf4\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u300c\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u300d\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5730\u72f1\u6c89\u6ca6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u300c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u300d\uff08the power of rational and moral determination\uff09\uff08PDS, 254\uff09\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u79c0\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u4eba\u5934\u5730\u7684\u5929\u7136\u624d\u5e72\u3002\u4fe1\u5f92\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u624d\u667a\u4e0a\u8d85\u8fc7\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5f80\u5f80\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u300c\u8499\u53ec\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7740\u8089\u4f53\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\u300d\uff08\u54e5\u6797\u591a\u524d\u4e661:26\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6069\u8d50\u6765\u538b\u5236\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u771f\u7406\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u7528\u300c\u952f\u5b50\u300d\uff08buzz saw\uff09\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\uff1a\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u50cf\u4e00\u628a\u975e\u5e38\u9510\u5229\u6709\u6548\u7684\u952f\u5b50\uff0c\u5374\u6446\u9519\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff08DF2, 74 = DF4, 97\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til\u2019s discussion of logic in this particular context is somewhat abbreviated. It leaves certain important question unanswered, and so we must look at what he says elsewhere on these issues. Does Van Til want to say, for example, that unbelievers have no ability to think logically? No, says Van Til. The antithesis between believer and unbeliever is ethical, not metaphysical. Even the lost in hell \u201chave not lost the power of rational and moral determination.\u201d (PDS, 254.) Van Til is saying that the unbeliever may be very competent in logic, just as he may have other natural gifts in abundance. Believers do not necessarily excel unbelievers in intelligence; indeed, the opposite is often true: not many wise are called (I Cor. 1:26). But the unbeliever uses his natural gifts to repress and attack the truth. Here Van Til\u2019s famous illustration of the buzz saw is helpful: the unbeliever is like a buzz saw that is very sharp and efficient, but has been set in the wrong direction. (DF2, 74 = DF4, 97.)<\/p>\n

    \u6797\u524d1:26<\/p>\n

    \u5f1f\u5144\u4eec\u54ea\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u4f60\u4eec\u8499\u53ec\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7740\u8089\u4f53\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5c0a\u8d35\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u91cd\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u5efa<\/strong>\u6784\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Does Regeneration Give Christian New Laws of Logic? No<\/strong><\/p>\n

    New Rules for Constructing Syllogisms? No<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Difference Is In Philosophy of Logic, and Use of Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u7740\u91cd\u751f\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u539f\u5219\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u773c\u775b\u6216\u9f3b\u5b50\u3002\u300d\uff08DF1, 296\uff1b\u53c2CGG, 27-29; IST, 254\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d3a\u6cbb\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e43\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\uff08DF1, 296\uff09\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

    Does regeneration give to believers new laws of logic, or new rules for constructing syllogisms? Certainly not. \u201cI do not maintain,\u201d he says, \u201cthat Christians operate according to new laws of thought any more than they have new eyes or noses.\u201d (DF1, 296; cf. CGG, 27-29; IST. 254.) The differences between believer and unbeliever in the area of logic are rather, as we saw in the discussion of Hodge, in the philosophy of logic (DF1, 296) and the use of logic.<\/p>\n

    \u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1f\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bfb\u6c42<\/strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u53ea\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7528\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

    How to Respond to Unbeliever?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unbeliever Seeks Non-Theistic Foundation for Logic<\/strong><\/p>\n

    But Non-Theistic World, Logic = Abstract Laws <->Meaningless Facts<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1f\u4ece\u54f2\u5b66\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaf\u7cb9\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u4e0e\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u4ed6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u95e8\u91cc\u8f6c\uff0c\u4ece\u865a\u65e0\u642c\u8fc1\u865a\u65e0\u5230\u865a\u65e0\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u300d\uff08CTK, 299\uff09\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8303\u6c0f\u8fd9\u6837\u5f62\u5bb9\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\uff1a\u300c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u662f\u300e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\u300f\u4e0e\u300e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u300f\u3002\u300d[DF2, 90\uff1b\u53c2pp. 86-90 = DF4, 108-112; IST, 167 = IST2, 273\uff1b\u53c2\u8003\u672c\u4e66\uff08CVT\uff09\u7b2c17\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u300c\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08rationalism\uff09\u4e0e\u300c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u300d\uff08irrationalism\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u3002]<\/p>\n

    How should we respond to unbelieving challenges on these matters?\u00a0 Philosophically, the unbeliever seeks a nontheistic foundation for logic. But in a nontheistic world, logic can be nothing more than purely abstract laws, which man seeks to connect with meaningless facts. As Van Til illustrates, \u201cHis logic is merely the exercise of a revolving door in a void, moving nothing from nowhere into the void.\u201d (CTK, 299.) Elsewhere, he presents the unbeliever as facing \u201cthe dilemma of absolute ignorance or absolute omniscience\u201d (DF2, 90 cf. pp. 86-90 = DF4, 108-112; IST 167 = IST 2, 273.\u00a0 See chap. 17 on the unbeliever\u2019s combination of rationalism and irrationalism which is equivalent to the dilemma discussed in this passage): either the unbeliever knows the truth already and thus cannot learn anything new, or else he is ignorant and cannot even ask the questions that would lead to the truth.<\/p>\n

    \u53c8\u56de\u5230\u300c\u4e00\u800c\u4f17\u300d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5076\u7136\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6240\u6709\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6240\u6784\u9020\u7684\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\u7684\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

    One-And-Many Problem Revisited: No Logical Order in Universe of Chance<\/strong><\/p>\n

    All Order = Created in\/by Man\u2019s Mind \u2013 Thus Man is, In Principle, Omniscient<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\uff08CVT\uff09\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u6240\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u800c\u4f17\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u300d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u5076\u7136\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u82e5\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\uff08\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\uff09\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

    These are forms of the one-and-many problem that we explored in chapter 5. In a universe of chance, there is no logical order, except one that man creates out of his own mind. If man creates it, then in principle he must know it omnisciently.<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u7b26\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6309\u7167\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u5b9e<\/strong>\uff1b<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u77e5\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    But: No Reason to Suppose, Man-Imposed Order Relates To Facts!<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Nor: Facts = Intelligible in Worldview Imposed By Man; Thus Man = Absolutely Ignorant<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u7b26\uff1b\u800c\u6309\u7167\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd<\/p>\n

    \u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4e16<\/p>\n

    \u754c\u89c2\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u524d\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    But there is no reason to suppose that that humanly imposed order has any relation to actual facts. Nor can the facts themselves be intelligible in such a worldview. Hence, man is left with absolute ignorance. Van Til\u2019s overall philosophical conclusion is that logic presupposes a Christian worldview.<\/p>\n

    \u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7528\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u300c\u8bc4\u65ad\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u300d\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unbeliever\u2019s Use of Logic = Different from Believer<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Unbeliever Uses Nontheistic Standards of Possibility to Attack Christianity<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f1a\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6709\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u975e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6765\u8bc4\u65ad\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u3001\u751a\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e09\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\u3001\u795e\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

    The unbeliever also uses logic differently than the believer. The unbeliever employs his logic to attack Christian theism, bringing to bear nontheistic standards of possibility and impossibility. He tries to show that Christianity is logically inconsistent by bringing up paradoxes like the Trinity and the relationship of divine sovereignty to human responsibility.<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5411\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8bc1\u660e\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6807\u51c6\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Christian: Don\u2019t Try to Show Christianity = Logically Consistent According to Non-Christian Standards<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653b\u51fb\u8a00\u8bba\u800c\u8bd5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e43\u8981\u8bc9\u8bf8\u300c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    The Christian should not answer such objections, says Van Til, by trying to show that Christianity is consistent by the unbeliever\u2019s standards. Rather, he should appeal to \u201canalogical\u201d consistency.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e38\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d<\/strong>\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u540a\u8be1\u6027\uff08\u4e09\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u9664\u6389\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Frequently Refers to \u201cApparent Contradictions\u201d in Christianity<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Refuses To Accept Easy Resolutions<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Paradox (Trinity) Is Not Really Contradictory; But It Is Impossible to Fully Remove Appearance of Contradictions<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Apparent Contradictions Exist in a Christian View of Logic, Too<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u66f4\u8981\u660e\u767d\u8fd9\u300c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u300d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d\uff08\u5f17\u5170\u59c6\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u66fe\u57281976\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e66\uff08CVT\uff09\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5df2\u770b\u89c1\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u62d2\u7edd\u4efb\u4f55\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u540a\u8be1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u771f\u7684\u575a\u4fe1\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8bba\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u9664\u53bb\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u82e5\u6309\u975e\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u663e\u7136\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u6309\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6559\u4e49\u4f9d\u7136\u663e\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u4e00\u800c\u4f17\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u6027\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300d\uff08IST, 229 = IST2, 363-364; DF1, 26\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    To understand this principle better, we should explore further Van Til\u2019s frequent references to the \u201capparent contradictions\u201d in the Christian faith. (Here I return to some of the territory I explored in 1976 in VTT.) We saw in chapter 5 that Van Til refuses to accept any easy resolution of the Trinitarian paradox: one God in three persons. He does believe that the Trinity is not really contradictory. Yet he also maintains that it is not possible to fully remove from our formulations the appearance of contradictions. The doctrine of the Trinity obviously appears contradictory on an unbelieving view of logic, but this apparent contradiction also exists on a Christian view of logic. The same thing is true with another form of unity and diversity in God, the relation between God\u2019s nature and his attributes. (IST, 229 = IST2, 363-364; DF1, 26.)<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u91cc\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u6027\uff0c<\/strong>\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u7531\u7942\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff09\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff08\u4e3b\u6743\u3001\u81ea\u7531\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\u5927\u5de5\u53c8\u662f\u667a\u6167\u7684\u3001\u53c8\u662f\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Necessity and Freedom in God: Human Logic = Limited in Understanding It<\/strong><\/p>\n

    God\u2019s Plan = Directly By God\u2019s Intelligence (Necessity);<\/strong><\/p>\n

    God\u2019s Free Acts Are Truly Free (Sovereignty\/Freedom)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bible: In Creation & Redemption, God is Both Intelligent and Sovereign\/Free<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u5355<\/p>\n

    \u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u7531\u7942\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7942\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u9020\u4e0e\u6551\u8d4e\uff09\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u5fc5<\/p>\n

    \u7136\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc5\u987b\u521b\u9020\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u5355\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6307\u5bfc\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u5168\u7136\u5076\u7136\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e43\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u521b\u9020\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til similarly sees a limit to human logic in dealing with the problem of necessity and freedom in God. If God\u2019s will is directed by his intelligence, then it seems that his free acts, such as Creation and redemption, become necessary: God had to create and redeem us. If, however, God\u2019s free acts are truly free, then it would seem that they must be unconnected with his intelligence and therefore random: God just happened to create. Neither alternative is biblical. Scripture requires us to affirm both the intelligence and the freedom of God\u2019s acts of Creation and redemption.<\/p>\n

    \u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\uff1b\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n

    \u4e24\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2 Kinds of Necessity: Necessity of God\u2019s Nature, Necessity of His Free Acts<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Doesn\u2019t Explain Further<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u662f\u8d85\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5934\u8111\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08IST, 249 = IST2, 393\uff1b\u53c2pp. 176-178 = IST2, 285-286.\uff09<\/p>\n

    Van Til does suggest that we should distinguish two kinds of necessity: the necessity of God\u2019s nature and that necessity by which his free acts come about. But he does not explain these two kinds of necessity, which might remove the appearance of contradiction. Rather, he breaks off the discussion: \u201cThis is as far as our finite minds can reach.\u201d (IST, 249 = IST2, 393; cf. pp. 176-178 = IST2, 285-286.)<\/p>\n

    \u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Illustration: Full Bucket Difficulty<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u540d\u4e3a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u4e3a\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til\u2019s paradigm case of apparent contradiction in the relationship between God and the world is what he calls \u201cthe full bucket difficulty\u201d:<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5c31\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\u518d\u5012\u5165\u6c34\u3002\u4ed6\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4f60<\/p>\n

    \u4eec\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u81ea\u8db3\u6027\u5c31\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u6dfb<\/p>\n

    \u751a\u4e48\uff0c\u7942\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u8363\u8000\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u5c06\u6c34\u5012\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u8981\u589e\u6dfb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u3002\u300d\uff08CGG, 10\uff1b\u53c2pp. 27, 73; DF1, 61-62; IST, 63-64 \u2013 IST2, 119-120.\uff09<\/p>\n

    To the non-Christian our position may be compared to the idea of adding water to a bucket that is already full of water. \u201cYour idea of the self-sufficient ontological trinity,\u201d he will say, \u201cis like a bucket full of water. To God nothing may be added. He cannot derive glory from His creatures. Yet your idea of history is like pouring water into the full bucket. Everything in it is said to add to the glory of God.\u201d (CGG, 10; cf. pp. 27, 73; DF1, 61-62; IST, 63-64 = IST2, 119-120.)<\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Other Apparent Contradictions<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u6709\u90aa\u6076\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8ba9\u90aa\u6076\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e3a\u90aa\u6076\u8d1f\u8d23\uff08IST, 248 = IST2, 390-391; NS, 271; CTETH, 36, 139\uff09\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e5f\u770b\u89c1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u5b58\u5728\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9690\u79d8\u65e8\u610f\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u65e8\u610f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08CGG, 27\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u7977\u544a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08CGG, 27; DF 1, 61\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u50cf\u7684\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08CTETH, 46; DF1, 29\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e0d\u5728\u4e9a\u5f53\u91cc\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08DF1, 249-251\uff09\u3001\u7f6a\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u7834\u574f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff08CGG, 199-200\uff09\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u65e2\u80fd\u591f\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u771f\u7406 [IST, 26-27 = IST2, 64-65; IST, 112-113 = IST2, 194-195\u3002\u5f17\u5170\u59c6\uff1a\u53c2\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\uff08CVT\uff09\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u6709\u5173\u300c\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba]\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u6027\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08DF1, 205\uff09\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u9884\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u767d\u767d\u9080\u8bf7\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08CGG, 10\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til also notes other areas of \u201capparent contradictions.\u201d There is the problem of evil: God brings evil to pass, but he is not to be blamed for it. (IST, 248 = IST2, 390-391; NS, 271; CTETH, 36, 139.) Van Til sees apparent contradictions in God\u2019s secret and revealed wills (CGG, 27); prayer and the counsel of God (CGG, 27; DF 1, 61); the image of God in the \u201cwider\u201d and \u201cnarrower\u201d senses (CTETH, 46; DF1, 29); mankind existing and not existing in Adam (DF1, 249-251); sin being able, yet unable, to destroy the work of God apart from common grace (CGG, 199-200); unregenerate man being able, yet unable, to know the truth [IST, 26-27 = IST2, 64-65; IST, 112-113 = IST2, 194-195. See my discussion of \u201cAntithesis\u201d in chap. 15 (CVT).]; the deity and humanity of Christ (DF1, 205); and the free offer of the gospel (CGG, 10).<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e0e\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u4e89\u8fa9\u300c\u540a\u8be1\u300d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u96be\u9898\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7adf\u58f0\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u4eba\u300c\u60ca\u5947\u300d\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Clark Controversy: Issue of Paradox<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Complaint: Reformed Theologians Cannot Resolve Some Difficulties<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Clark Claims He Can Resolve Them: \u201cAmazing!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e0e\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bba\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u8fd9\u540a\u8be1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8d5e\u540c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8bb2\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\uff08\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff09\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\uff08\u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987522\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u575a\u6301\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u548c\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u5426\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7f6a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff08\u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987523\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bb8\u591a\u4f1f\u5927\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u65e0\u6cd5\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7adf\u58f0\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u4eba\u5458\u8868\u793a\u300c\u60ca\u5947\u300d\uff08\u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987524\uff09\uff01\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0d\u592a\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff08\u6307\u63a7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987526\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    During the Clark controversy, the issue of paradox was raised in connection with divine sovereignty and human responsibility. The Complaint<\/em> agreed with Clark in saying that divine sovereignty and human freedom were not actually contradictory. But it also asserted that \u201cthere are difficulties here which [Reformed theologians] are unable to solve.\u201d (Complaint<\/em>, 22.) Among these is the problem of reconciling comprehensive foreordination and concurring providence with the denial that God is the author of sin. (Complaint<\/em>, 23.) The complainants find it \u201camazing\u201d that Clark thinks he can solve such problems, when the greatest theologians of the past have confessed their inability to do so. (Complaint<\/em>, 24.) In the end, they believe that Clark\u2019s solution to the problem does violence to human responsibility. (Complaint<\/em>, 26.)<\/p>\n

    \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7b54\u8fa9\uff1a\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5df2\u67e5\u8003\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u70b9\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u7a77\u7a76\u4e86\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u6697\u793a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u5426\u8ba4\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Clark\u2019s Answer: Westminster Confession<\/em> Encourages Logical Inference<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cannot Solve Problem? Implies All Scripture = Exhausted, All Implications = Exhausted, and Cannot Find Any Hint of Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Implies: Exhaustive Knowledge of Scripture<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Clark: Bible Hints at Solution, i.e.: Deny Arminian View of Freedom<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6839\u636e\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u6307\u51fa\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ea6\u9f13\u52b1\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987535\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u82e5\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u610f\u6307\u4ed6\u5df2\u67e5\u8003\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u6240\u6709\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4ecd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u70b9\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u7b49\u4e8e\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u7a77\u7a76\u4e86\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987536\uff09\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u58f0\u79f0\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u5bf9\u96be\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e9a\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c2\u3002\uff08\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u987536-37\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    The Answer replies that the Westminster Confession<\/em> itself encourages logical inference from Scripture, and therefore, presumably, also intends to encourage resolution of apparent logical contradictions. (Answer<\/em>, 35.) Further, it says: \u201cHe who claims that a given paradox cannot be solved, logically implies that he has examined every verse in Scripture, that he has exhausted every implication of every verse, and that there is no hint of a solution. \u2026 This is a claim to an exhaustive knowledge of all Scripture.\u201d (Answer<\/em>, 36.) Clark\u2019s claim, on the contrary, is that Scripture itself provides hints for a solution of the problem, which amounts to denying free will in the traditional Arminian sense.\u00a0 (Answer<\/em>, 36-37. The Report<\/em> of the General Assembly committee did not discuss this particular issue.)<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e0d\u88ab\u8bf4\u670d\uff1b\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e4d\u773c\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u300d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u300c\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u76f8\u77db\u76fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u300c\u4e4d\u773c\u770b\u6765\u300d\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\uff0c\u82e5\u591a\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff1a\u4e0d\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til = Not Persuaded; Clark Didn\u2019t Fully Solve Paradox<\/strong><\/p>\n

    At First Sight, Complete Foreordination Seems to Contradict Genuine Choice<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u201cAt First Sight\u201d: Will Problem = Solvable After Second Sight?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    CVT: No<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7b54\u8fa9\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u65e0\u610f\u4e3a\u4e9a\u7c73\u5ff5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c2\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ea6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u5df2\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u540a\u8be1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7a76\u7adf\u751a\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\u96be\u9898\u662f\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5f53\u8bf4\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e07\u4e8b\u90fd\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e4d\u773c\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u300d\uff08CGG, 10\uff09\u300c\u4e4d\u773c\u770b\u6765\u300d\u8fd9\u77ed\u8bed\u4f3c\u4e4e\u610f\u5473\u82e5\u300c\u591a\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u300d\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8303\u6c0f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u770b\u6765\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u5802\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4f1a\u5426\u53d1\u73b0\u89e3\u51b3\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\uff01\u6839\u636e\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540a\u8be1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u5802\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    Van Til, however, was not persuaded by the Answer<\/em>. Certainly he had no interest in defending the Arminian concept of free will. But he did not believe that Clark had fully solved the paradox, either. What, specifically, is unresolved? That is hard to say. Van Til says, \u201cThat all things in history are determined by God must always seem, at first sight, to contradict the genuineness of my choice.\u201d (CGG, 10.)\u00a0 That phrase, \u201cat first sight,\u201d might seem to suggest that the problem can, in fact, be resolved \u2013 \u201cat second sight.\u201d But that is not Van Til\u2019s view. He holds, in fact, that human beings never reach the point where these matters no longer appear contradictory. What about heaven? Will we there discover solutions to the paradoxes? Probably not, according to Van Til, since our inability to solve them is related to our finitude.\u00a0 And, of course, in heaven we remain finite.<\/p>\n

    \u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bba\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff1a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u826f\u5584<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6069\u5178\u4e2d\u957f\u8fdb\uff0c\u6653\u5f97\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\uff08\u81ea\u7531\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7075\u6027\u4e0a\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f53\u4f1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u56e0\u300c\u77db\u76fe\u300d\u800c\u62b1\u6028<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u662f\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u795e\u5b66\u539f\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Frame on Van Til: Christians Grow in Appreciating God\u2019s Wisdom, Goodness<\/strong><\/p>\n

    We Grow in Grace, Appreciate Sovereignty\/Freedom<\/strong><\/p>\n

    We Mature, Appreciate: God Has Answer, We Don\u2019t Complain Any More<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Is Making a Spiritual (Not Logical) Point<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til Makes Penetrating Spiritual Insights (But Reduces to Logic\/Theo.)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6307\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f1a\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6653\u5f97\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u826f\u5584\u548c\u667a\u6167\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5728\u300c\u4e4d\u773c\u770b\u6765\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6069\u5178\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u957f\u8fdb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u300c\u591a\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90a3\u4e48\u51b2\u52a8\u5730\u4f5c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6c38\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7075\u6027\u4e0a\u957f\u5927\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f53\u4f1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u56e0\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u300c\u77db\u76fe\u300d\u800c\u62b1\u6028\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bf9\u300c\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u300d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u529d\u52c9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u5730\u65b9\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5f80\u5f80\u900f\u5f7b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d1e\u89c1\u4ee5\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u539f\u5219\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    Perhaps what Van Til means to say is that Christians grow in their ability to appreciate the goodness and wisdom of God\u2019s ways. If our first impulse (\u201cat first sight\u201d), in contemplating divine sovereignty, is to claim that it contradicts human responsibility, we may nevertheless have better impulses (\u201cat second sight\u201d) as we grow in grace. The problem is never actually resolved, but we gain the spiritual maturity to appreciate that God has an answer, and we do not go around complaining about an unresolved contradiction. This is, I believe, a spiritual, rather than a logical, point that Van Til wants to make about apparent contradictions. (As we shall see in other connections, Van Til often makes penetrating observations on issues of spiritual life and interpersonal communication, but he tends to reduce them all to issues of logic and theological principle.)<\/p>\n

    \u5c31\u7b97\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u8303\u6c0f\u5e94\u5426\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3a\u300c\u8868\u9762\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u82e5\u5426\u5b9a\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong> \uff1d<\/strong> \u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u751a\u4e48\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8981\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u96be\u9898\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Even With Spiritual Maturity, Logical Problem Remains<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Should Van Til Call This \u201cApparent Logical Contradiction\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    If We Reject Arminian Construction, Choice = Genuine<\/strong><\/p>\n

    So Why Does Van Til Insist: Problem = Problem in Logic?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5c5e\u7075\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u751a\u4e48\u96be\u9898\uff1f\u5c31\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9884\u5b9a\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u663e\u4e3a\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u662f\u300c\u8868\u9762\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u5bf9\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3b\u6743\u4ea7\u751f\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u963f\u7c73\u5ff5\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u300c\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u56e0\u6216\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u624d\u662f\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6309\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1f\u800c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u53c8\u4e3a\u4f55\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u96be\u9898\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1f<\/p>\n

    Van Til, then, would insist that even with spiritual maturity, the logical problem remains. What is the problem? In this example, it is a problem with the \u201cgenuineness\u201d of my choice in a God-ordained universe. But is Van Til right in describing this problem as an \u201capparent logical contradiction\u201d? Once we reject the Arminian concept of free will, we do not then affirm anything that actually contradicts the comprehensiveness of divine sovereignty. Also, once we reject the Arminian construction, we must also deny that a \u201cgenuine\u201d choice must be an uncaused or autonomous choice. On a Calvinistic basis, all human choices are genuine choices. So why is there a problem with genuineness? And why does Van Til insist that the problem is a problem in logic?<\/p>\n

    \u770b\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\uff1a\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c06\u8fd9\u95ee\u9898\u55bb\u4e3a\u300c\u5012\u6ee1\u6c34\u7684\u6c34\u6876\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u662f\u81ea\u542b\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fd8\u80fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u300c\u771f\u5b9e\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u300c\u52a0\u589e\u300d\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Look Deeper: CVT Sees Problem = \u201cFull Bucket\u201d Problem<\/strong><\/p>\n

    God = Self-Contained in Glory; Can Man\u2019s Choice = Important\/Genuine?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Does God\u2019s Glory Preclude Addition?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u770b\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c06\u8fd9\u96be\u9898\u6bd4\u55bb\u4f5c\u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u96be\u9898\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u80fd\u589e\u6dfb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53c8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e07\u7269\u6765\u8363\u8000\u7942\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6709\u5173\u300c\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u96be\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u65e2\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5374\u4ecd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6240\u8c13\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

    We need to look a bit deeper. Van Til sees this problem as a form of the full bucket problem. As we have seen, that problem is that nothing can be added to God\u2019s glory, yet he makes creatures to glorify himself. Applied to \u201cchoice,\u201d this means that God\u2019s choices have fully determined the course of history, yet human choices are, somehow, also important or significant \u2013 what Van Til calls, somewhat awkwardly, \u201cgenuine.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u6dfb\u3001\u5374\u53c8\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u8363\u8000\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

    So the question of \u201cgenuine choice\u201d boils down to the question of how God\u2019s glory precludes, yet demands, addition. This is indeed a logical problem of sorts, but it is important for us to see what kind of logical problem it is.<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u770b\u6765\u77db\u76fe\uff1f\u8a00\u4e4b\u8fc7\u65e9\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u7528\u5b57\u8f83\u542b\u7cca\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\uff1b\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e09\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Similar to Problem of Trinity: Contradiction? Premature Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Can Resolve Apparent Contradictions: Are Terms Ambiguous?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    God Is One In One Sense, Three In Another Sense (Orthodox Stance)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e09\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u65e2\u662f\u4e09\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e09\u3001\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8a00\u4e4b\u8fc7\u65e9\u3002\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6765\u5316\u89e3\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

    It is, I think similar to the logical problem connected with the Trinity. Scripture tells us that God is three and that God is one. From that teaching, one might allege that because God is three and not-three (or one and not-one), the doctrine of the Trinity is a logical contradiction. But, as I indicated in my earlier discussion of the Trinity, such a judgment would be premature, to say the least. It is common in discussions of logic to note that an apparent contradiction may be resolved through consideration of ambiguities in the terms: if God is three in one respect and one in a different respect, then there is no contradiction.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5982\u4f55\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u3001\u53c8\u662f\u4e09<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd9\u9879\u6559\u4e49\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8868\u9762\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til: We Cannot Demonstrate How God Is Three And One:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    We Cannot Demonstrate the Logical Consistency of the Doctrine<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Apparent Contradiction Remains<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6559\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5e38\u8fd9\u6837\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\u53c8\u662f\u4e09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5374\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u600e\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u600e\u6837\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u6559\u4e49\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8868\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u800c\u4ecd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

    The church has always made the claim that God is one and three in different senses, and, as we saw in the earlier discussion, Van Til does not dispute this claim. But he does claim that we do not know precisely how God is one and precisely how he is three; so we cannot demonstrate the logical consistency of the doctrine. For that reason, some appearance of contradiction remains.<\/p>\n

    \u300c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u96be\u9898\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u6dfb\uff1b\u4f46\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u53c8\u5bb9\u8bb8\u4eba\u589e\u6dfb\u7942\u7684\u8363\u8000\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5145\u4efd\u77e5\u9053\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u5386\u53f2\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u9884\u5b9a\u300d\u4e0e\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u9009\u62e9\u300d\u8fd9\u96be\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c24\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

    The same is true of the full bucket problem. God\u2019s glory doubtless precludes addition in one sense and permits it in another. But we do not know enough about God\u2019s relation to history to define precisely what those sense are.\u00a0 Therefore, apparent contradiction remains in God\u2019s relation to history and specifically with respect to divine foreordination and the genuineness of human choice.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\uff1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u540a\u8be1\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Van Til: There Is Apparent Contradiction in All Revelation<\/strong><\/p>\n

    And in All Human Knowledge, In All Teaching in Scripture<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Our Knowledge = Analogical, Therefore Must Be Paradoxical<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u65e2\u7136\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\u4e0a\uff08\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff09\u6709\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u53c8\u6709\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u6ee1\u4e86\u6c34\u7684\u6876\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5c31\u89c1\u5230\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u300c\u65e2\u7136\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4eba\u900f\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e2\u662f\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\uff08\u88ab\u9020\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u663e\u4e3a\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08DF1, 61\uff09\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u7edd\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u8fd9\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u70ed\u70c8\u6b22\u8fce\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08CGG, 9\uff09\u300c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u300d[CGG, 142 (emphasis by Van Til)\uff1b\u53c2DF2, 44-46 = DF4, 67-69\u3002]<\/p>\n

    Since there is apparent contradiction in the basic nature of God (the Trinity) and in the fundamental relation of God to the world (the full bucket), Van Til sees apparent contradiction in all revelation and in all human knowledge: \u201cNow since God is not fully comprehensible, to us we are bound to come into what seems to be contradiction in all our knowledge. Our knowledge is analogical and therefore must be paradoxical.\u201d (DF1, 61.) \u201cWhile we shun as poison the idea of the really contradictory we embrace with passion the idea of the apparently contradictory.\u201d (CGG, 9.) \u201cAll teaching of Scripture is apparently contradictory.<\/strong>\u201d [CGG, 142 (emphasis by Van Til); cf. DF2, 44-46 = DF4, 67-69.]<\/p>\n

    \u6709\u4eba\u731b\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u8303\u6c0f\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1b\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u592a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u514b\u62c9\u514b\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff1a\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u786e\u6279\u51c6\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u82e5\u5145\u6ee1\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u63a8\u8bba\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Some Critique This View Harshly; Logical Contradiction = Serious Problem<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Westminster Confession Does Authorize Us to Make Inferences from Bible<\/strong><\/p>\n

    If Bible = Full of Contradictions, How Can We Make Inferences?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u731b\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u77db\u76fe\u662f\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u5f15\u8ff0\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u7684\u786e\u6388\u6743\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u5145\u6ee1\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u600e\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

    Understandably, some Christians respond to these statements very harshly. For Reformed Christians, logical contradiction is a very serious matter. Clark is right in citing the Westminster Confession as authorizing us to affirm the logical entailments of biblical teachings. But if the Bible is full of contradictions, even apparent ones, how can we derive such entailments?<\/p>\n

    \u6309\u903b\u8f91\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff08<\/strong>premises<\/strong>\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Logic: From Contradictory Premises, Any\/All Conclusions Validly Follow<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Logic textbooks tell us that from contradictory premises, any and all conclusions validly follow. Consider the following argument:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. God is one. (Premise)<\/li>\n
    2. Either God is one or the moon is made of green cheese. (Follow from point 1 by the logical operation called addition. If a statement is true, then the statement or any other statement is true.)<\/li>\n
    3. God is not one. (Premise)<\/li>\n
    4. Therefore, the moon is made of green cheese. (Follows from points 2 and 3. Since point 3 denies the first half of the \u201cor\u201d statement, the second half must be true.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff1a\uff08\u8868\u9762\u7684\uff09\u77db\u76fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Same Thing With Scripture: (Apparent) Contradictions -> Any Deduction<\/strong><\/p>\n

      This example shows how from contradictory premises (points 1 and 3 in this case) any manner of nonsense will follow validly. (Any statement whatever could have been substituted for \u201cthe moon is made of green cheese.\u201d) Therefore, once we allow that Scripture contains contradictory teachings, we must also admit that anything at all may be validly deduced from Scripture. Indeed, if Scripture contains even one contradiction, it implicitly teaches everything, and therefore nothing. The presence of contradictions in Scripture would entirely invalidate the statement of the Westminster Confession that the counsel of God is to be found in the \u201cgood and necessary consequences\u201d of Scripture as well as in Scripture\u2019s explicit statements. If there are contradictions in Scripture, then everything, and therefore nothing, is \u201cgood and necessary consequence.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u8bf4\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff1b\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5982\u6b64<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u63a8\u51fa\u5e9f\u8bdd\u6765\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Of Course, CVT Doesn\u2019t Teach Scripture = Contradictory; Only Apparently<\/strong><\/p>\n

      But: Will We Draw Nonsense From Apparently Contradictory Premises?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u5f53\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u8bf4\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u6b63\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u5206\u6790\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53e5\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u8bba\u53ca\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u65f6\u6240\u58f0\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5374\u771f\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\u53c8\u662f\u4e09\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u300a\u5a01\u654f\u65af\u7279\u4fe1\u4ef0\u544a\u767d\u300b\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5426\u4e5f\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u63a8\u51fa\u5e9f\u8bdd\u6765\uff1f<\/p>\n

      Of course, Van Til does not teach that Scripture is contradictory \u2013 quite the reverse. What he says, however, is that all Scripture is apparently contradictory. However, apparent contradiction poses the same problems as real contradiction for the logical analysis of Scripture. Let us say that in the illustrative argument presented above, points 1 and 3 are only apparently contradictory, which is in fact Van Til\u2019s claim about the Trinity. Nevertheless, Scripture does teach that God is one and that God is three. If we are to draw logical inferences from Scripture, as the Westminster Confession<\/em> prescribes, will we not find ourselves in the same bind, deducing nonsense from apparently contradictory premises?<\/p>\n

      \u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u5efa\u6784\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bba\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Reply: Avoid This Kind of Construction<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bba\u636e\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u300d\u548c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53e5\u7684\u300c\u975e\u4e00\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u907f\u514d\u5efa\u6784\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u7528\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u542b\u7cca\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u63d0\u63a8\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

      One reply might be this: since we know that there is some unclarity about the sense of \u201cone\u201d and \u201cnot one\u201d in points 1 and 3, we should simply avoid constructing arguments of this kind. The ambiguity in the terms should make us reluctant to draw any inferences at all from these particular premises.<\/p>\n

      \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u80fd\u4ece\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

      But: How Can We Make ANY Inference From Scripture?<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u5047\u5982\u300c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6559\u8bad\u90fd\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7ecf\u6587\u524d\u63d0\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u6709\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5982\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u6709\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u80fd\u4ece\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u4f5c\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u8bba\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

      But if \u201call<\/strong> teaching of Scripture is apparently contradictory,\u201d then any<\/strong> logical deduction from scriptural premises would seem to be ruled out. Since there are apparent contradictions not only in the doctrine of the Trinity, but also in the doctrine of the divine attributes and the doctrine of God\u2019s overall relation to the world, how can we draw any logical inferences at all from biblical teaching?<\/p>\n

      \u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u300c\u754c\u9650\u89c2\u5ff5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7cfb\u7edf\u300d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Consider CVT\u2019s Concepts of \u201cLimiting Concept\u201d and \u201cAnalogical System\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u300c\u754c\u9650\u89c2\u5ff5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7cfb\u7edf\u300d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

      To answer these questions, we will have to look into Van Til\u2019s ideas of \u201climiting concept\u201d and \u201canalogical system.\u201d These will be the topics covered in the following chapter.<\/p>\n

      [ IST = An Introduction to Systematic Theology ]<\/p>\n

      [ CGG = Common Grace and the Gospel ]<\/p>\n

      [ DF2 = The Defense of the Faith, 2nd<\/sup> edition ]<\/p>\n

      [ CVT = John Frame, Cornelius Van Til: An Analysis of His Thought ]<\/p>\n

      [ PDS = The Protestant Doctrine of Scripture ]<\/p>\n

      [ DF1 = The Defense of the Faith, 1st<\/sup> edition ]<\/p>\n

      [ CTK = A Christian Theory of Knowledge ]<\/p>\n

      [ VTT = John Frame, Van Til: The Theologian ]<\/p>\n

      [ NS = Nature and Scripture ]<\/p>\n

      [ CTETH = Christian Theistic Ethics ]<\/p>\n

      \u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\uff1b\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3000\u903b\u8f91 LOGIC \u903b\u8f91 LOGIC (From John M. Frame, Cornelius V […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-145"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12498","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12498"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12498\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12498"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12498"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12498"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}