{"id":12169,"date":"2024-09-06T23:33:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T23:33:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12169"},"modified":"2024-09-06T23:33:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T23:33:45","slug":"%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f%e8%be%85%e5%af%bc%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_03_%e4%b8%96%e4%bf%97%e7%9a%84%e8%be%85%e5%af%bc%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=12169","title":{"rendered":"\u5723\u7ecf\u8f85\u5bfc\u8bb2\u4e49_03_\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8f85\u5bfc\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bfe<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8f85\u5bfc\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u6e05\u695a\u89e3\u91ca, \u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u91c7\u53d6\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14(Cornelius Van Til)\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f5c\u8005: Thomas Szasz\u5df2\u52fe\u5212\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bfe\u9898: \u5fc3\u7406\u75c5(Mental Illness)\u4e4b\u795e\u8bdd, \u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597(Psychotherapy)\u4e4b\u795e\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7b80\u53f2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u6750\u53d6\u81ea:<\/p>\n<p>Michael Wertheimer, <em>A Brief History of Psychology<\/em> (New York:\u00a0 Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979), revised edition.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u975e\u6e90\u81ea\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769<strong>\u798f\u97f3\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/strong>\u8fd0\u52a8; \u4e43\u6e90\u81ea<strong>\u4eba\u6587\u601d\u60f3<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u53ca\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002(\u4e0d\u8fc7, \u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002)<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u79cd\u6839\u6e90\u601d\u60f3:<\/li>\n<li>\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6279\u5224\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49(Empiricism)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6d1b\u514b\u3001\u67cf\u514b\u83b1\u3001\u4f11\u8c1f(Locke, Berkeley, Hume)\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e43\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u88c1\u5224\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6 = \u53ea(\u9650\u4e8e)\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e: \u542f\u793a\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730\u3002(\u7406\u6027\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u7acb\u8db3\u4e4b\u5730! )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8054\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49(Associationism)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u73b0\u5b9e(reality)\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u90e8\u5206(parts)\u7684\u73b0\u8c61(\u6216\u79f0\u300c\u539f\u5b50\u300d(atoms))\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f: \u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765, \u4eba\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c!<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49(Materialism); (Wertheimer, \u987546)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u76f8\u4fe1, \u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3(mind)\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a(behavior)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61, \u81f3\u7ec8\u90fd\u53ef\u900f\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u6216\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u89c2\u5ff5(concepts)\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u9f13\u5439\u8fd9\u89c2\u70b9\u8005\u575a\u6301, \u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca, \u5fc5\u9700\u907f\u5f00\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab(\u8089\u773c)\u89c2\u5bdf, \u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684, \u6709\u591a\u7075\u4e3b\u4e49(\u6c11\u95f4\u5b97\u6559, animism)\u53ca\u751f\u7075\u4e3b\u4e49(vitalism)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u7075\u4e3b\u4e49(animism)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9b3c\u7075\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u5173\u5fc3\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u9b3c\u7075\u3001\u53ca\u8f6e\u56de(reincarnation)\u7b49\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7075\u4e3b\u4e49(vitalism)\u7684\u9f13\u5439\u8005, \u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6155\u52d2(Johannes Muller)\u53caHans Driesch, \u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u535a\u683c\u68ee(Henri Bergson)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\u751f\u547d\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u529b\u91cf(<em>\u00e9lan vital<\/em>); \u4e00\u5207\u6d3b\u7269\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u56e0\u4ed6(\u5b83)\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4; \u800c\u8fd9\u751f\u547d\u529b\u91cf(vital spirit)\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u7269\u4e4b\u7269\u8d28\u7279\u8272\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u529b\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u6d3b\u7269\u4e4b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898\u662f: \u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u6392\u65a5\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u7406\u5b66(physiology)\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684: \u597d, \u4f46\u662f\u2026<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684: \u597d, \u4f46\u662f\u2026<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5316(quantification)\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684: \u597d, \u4f46\u662f\u2026<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba(biological evolution): \u4e0d\u597d, \u4ea6\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7c92\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5(atomistic): \u89c1\u4e0aB.1.b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u9700\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba: \u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5ba2\u89c2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e2d\u7acb\u300d\u7684\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u300d!<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\uff1b\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66<\/strong><strong>(Clinical Psychology)<\/strong><strong>\u7b80\u53f2\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u6559\u6750\u53d6\u81ea:<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1975\">\n<li>Jaeckle and W. Clebsch, <em>Pastoral Care in Historical Perspective<\/em>, Jason Aronson, Inc., 1975.<\/li>\n<li>\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u300c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300d, \u5168\u7531\u6559\u4f1a\u62c5\u4efb\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u533b\u751f\u4ece\u4e8b\u5fc3\u7406\u8f85\u5bfc, \u5982Bedlam\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316, \u6d89\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u8f85\u5bfc\u8fd9\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5f17\u83b1\u4f0a\u5fb7(Sigmund Freud)\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6, \u4f7f\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u300c\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u796d\u53f8\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5373\u662f\u771f\u7406, \u5373\u53d6\u4ee3\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u300c\u75c5\u300d\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u5bb6\u83b7\u53d6\u300c\u8d66\u7f6a\u300d(absolution); \u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u75c5\u300d\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7f6a\u300d\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684, \u751a\u81f3\u662f\u300c\u53cd\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u300d, \u5426\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4ee4\u81f4\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u900f\u8fc7\u300c\u75c5\u7406\u300d\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7f6a\u4eba, \u4e0d\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e00\u4eba\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u795e\u7ecf(\u601d\u60f3)\u9519\u4e71(\u53d7\u5e72\u6270) (mentally disturbed)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>(\u897f\u65b9)\u6559\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u5e94\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u53c2Donald Capps, <em>Biblical Approaches to Pastoral Counseling<\/em>, Philadelphia:\u00a0 Westminster Press, 1981.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5171\u8bc6\u5f00\u59cb\u6d6e\u73b0:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5171\u6eb6\u4e00\u7089\u3002Hiltner\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u4e0e(\u597d\u7684)\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8f85\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u300d\u539f\u5219(consistent with good counseling principles, Capps, \u987519; \u89c1\u4e0b, \u98754-8)\u3002Oates\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u52a9\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb(relate to self), \u800c\u4e0d\u8ba2\u4e0b\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u4f8b(legalistic rules)\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u6b27\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u300c\u63d2\u66f2\u300d\u9636\u6bb5: \u65b0\u6b63\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u5df4\u7279(Karl Barth, Emil Brunner\u7b49)\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fdd\u5b88\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6d3e\u8f85\u5bfc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55: Gary Collins, Jay E. Adams\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u300c\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u300d\u518d\u6b21\u5174\u8d77: \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u6d3e\u522b\u3002<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(\u53c2R.A. Harper, <em>Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: 36 Systems<\/em>, Jason Aronson, Inc., 1975.)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e34\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u8d8b\u5411\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u6709\u4eba\u7b97\u51fa\u4e8c\u767e\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4ecb\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b66\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u56db\u5927\u52bf\u529b:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u5b66(Psychoanalysis):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u5bbf\u547d\u8bba\u300d(psychic determinism)\u3002\u5f17\u83b1\u4f0a\u5fb7(Sigmund Freud), Carl Jung\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6784\u9020:<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f: \u65e0\u610f\u8bc6, \u524d\u610f\u8bc6(pre-conscious), \u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f: id, ego, super-ego\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u4e4b\u6cbb\u7597\u6cd5: \u4f7f\u4e0d\u77e5\u89c9(\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6)\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u663e\u660e\u3002\u5982\u68a6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u968f\u60f3<\/p>\n<p>(free association)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5b66\u6d3e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f: \u4eba\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u7406 &#8212; \u6027\u53d1\u5c55(psycho-sexual<\/p>\n<p>development)\u300d\u53d7\u5230\u62e6\u963b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u5f17\u83b1\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6d3e(neo-Freudians)\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u8c03ego\u7684\u529b\u91cf(ego-strength)\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e(Behaviorism):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eba\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u9700\u66f4\u6539\u4eba\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u300c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300d(program)\u3002Watson, Skinner\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e(Humanistic):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u672c\u5584\u3002\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u4f53\u73b0\u4ed6\u53d7\u8fc7\u632b\u6298(\u62e6\u963b)\u7684\u53d1\u5c55(development)\u3002 Carl Rogers, \u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6f5c\u80fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u300d(human potential movement)\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4eba\u9645\u6d3e(Transpersonalism):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u7075\u7684\u4f4d\u683c(spiritual being), \u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u73b0\u5b9e\u300d(reality)\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u6784\u9020\u7684\u3002\u4e1c\u65b9\u601d\u60f3(\u5b97\u6559)\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fd9\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8ba4\u77e5\u6d3e(Cognitive):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eba\u662f\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u300c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u300d\u3002Wundt, Ellis, Beck\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u534e\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662ccnci.org\uff1b\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8bfe \u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8f85\u5bfc\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790 \u5f15\u8a00 \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u6e05\u695a\u89e3\u91ca, \u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bf9\u4e16\u4fd7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u91c7\u53d6\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14(Cornel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-144"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12169"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12169\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}