{"id":11983,"date":"2024-08-06T02:41:40","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T02:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=11983"},"modified":"2024-08-06T02:41:40","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T02:41:40","slug":"%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%a5%9e%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%8914%e4%b8%8a%e5%b8%9d%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%98%e5%9c%a8%ef%bc%9b%e5%ba%b7%e5%be%b7%e7%9a%84%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=11983","title":{"rendered":"\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\uff0914\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3d9b24e50d5 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3d9b24e50d5 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3d9b24e50d5 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3d9b24e50d5 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3d9b24e50d5 .h5vp_video_overlay p { color:#fff 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Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player11982\" id=\"player11982\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2021_\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\/\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\uff0914\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\uff0914 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u9648\u5f1f\u5144<\/p>\n<p>Modern Theology 1,Session14\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u5b66\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u8bb2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ad9\uff1atranscendental aesthetic\uff0c\u8d85\u9a8c\u611f\u77e5\uff0ctranscendental analytic,\u8d85\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\uff0ctranscendental dialectic\uff0c\u8d85\u9a8c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fa9\u8bc1\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u6709\u9519\u7740\u3001\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u80cc\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0cideals\u3002\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u5ff5\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u5f15\u81f3\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002KANT\u2019S REFUTATION OF ARGUMENTS FOR EXISTENCE OF GOD\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u600e\u4e48\u9a73\u5012\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ed6\u600e\u4e48\u9a73\u5012\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u79cd\u7684\u8868\u9762\u77db\u76fe\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u8defthird way\u3002\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1athe universe requires an absolutely necessary being.\u5b87\u5b99\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\uff0can absolutely necessary being\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0cabsolutely necessary\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u8bb2\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\uff1athe ontological argument\uff0c\u4ece\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u53bb\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1bthe cosmological\uff0c\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u53bb\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1band the teleological\uff0c\u4ece\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u53bb\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0cthe ontological argument\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u72af\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e2aconcept,\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8bba\u8bc1\u5230reality\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u6653\u4e0d\u6653\u5f97\u3001\u77e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0cconceive of being\u4f60\u8bd5\u8bd5\u770b\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2abeing\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u7269\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u3002greater than which nothing can be conceived\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u7269\u5462\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\u662f\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u54c8\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u7269\u5462\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8003\u91cc\u4e86\u3002\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u53bb\u60f3\u8c61\u561b\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cc\u54af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cc\u800c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5916\u754c\u5462\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u601d\u8003\u91cc\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8bdd\u5462\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u54af\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u601d\u8003\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u5916\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8fd9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u554a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\u5462\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5the concept of a perfect being\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u6bd4\u5b83\u66f4\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u8bba\u5230reality\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u771f\u6b63\u5b58\u5728,the real existent of the perfect being\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u8bba\u6216\u8005\u8bba\u8bc1\u5230\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7406\u6027\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8fde\u7ed3\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7406\u667a\u91cc\u9762\u90a3\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63a8\u5230\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0a\u5e1d\u554a\u3001\u7075\u9b42\u554a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5566\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\uff08\u4ed6\uff09\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3001\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0cjust right\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5728\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u4e66\u91cc\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8bfb\u5230\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\uff1awe cannot reason from ideas in our minds to anything beyond experience\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u667a\u91cc\u7684ideas\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u667a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u3001\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cwe cannot reason from phenomena to noumena\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u697c\u4e0b\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u697c\u4e0a\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u754c\uff08\u771f\u7406\u3001\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u697c\u4e0b\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u697c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u63a8\u8bba\u7684\u7269\u81ea\u4f53\u754c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u540c\u610f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u4e86\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u3001\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u811a20\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662fexistence is a perfection\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c13\u8bed\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u662f\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8bc1\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u5f88\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5462\uff0c\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u601d\u8003\u5462\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u89e3\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662fcosmological argument\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0cthe whole universe requires a cause\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u679c\u5fc5\u6709\u56e0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u5fc5\u6709\u5176\u56e0\uff0cand that cause can be nothing less than a being who has all perfections.\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u56e0\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5c31\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8bc1\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u3001\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u3002\u548c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u58f0\u79f0\uff0cthat a being corresponding to our mental concept of perfection must exist.\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u58f0\u79f0\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u662f\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u5408\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u6216\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0cmust exist\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5c31\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0cIntroducing the idea that there must be a cause for the universe doesn\u2019t help,\u4f60\u867d\u7136\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u5176\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4f60\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4f11\u8c1f\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0cwe have no experience of such a universal cause.\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4f60\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u662fthe teleological argument,\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aphysico-theological\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u795e\u5b66\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u6563\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u6361\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u949f\u8868\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u5f53\u7136\u5c31\u4f1a\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u949f\u8868\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6216\u8005\u521b\u9020\u8005\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u8005\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u771f\u7684\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u6765\u8865\u5145\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8865\u5145\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u90fd\u72af\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u4ecethe contents of the mind\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4eba\u601d\u8003\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u601d\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u63a8\u8bba\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u5b58\u5728\uff0cbegin with the contents of the mind and try to deduce from those the existence of a being beyond all possible experience.\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u63a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u6216\u8005\u601d\u8003\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u7269\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u63a8\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5927\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff08\u771f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u90a3\u5eb7\u5fb7\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4f11\u8c1f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u865a\u65e0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5462\uff1f\u7b2c32\u9875\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f97\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d85\u9a8c\u8bba\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u88c5\u914d\u7ebf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ad9\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u8003\u4e0a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u7231\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fthe constitutive use\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662fthe regulative use\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\uff1f\u987a\u4fbf\u4e00\u63d0\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6155\u7406\u7684\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4e66\u6ce8\u91ca\u300b\u548c\u300a\u89e3\u91ca\u79f0\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5723\u7075\u65bd\u884c\u6551\u8d4e\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u4fe1\u79f0\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u79f0\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\uff0cconstitutive justification \u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5ba3\u544a\u6027\u7684\uff0cdeclarative justification\u3002\u5728\u6155\u7406\u7684\u300a\u518d\u601d\u6551\u8d4e\u5947\u6069\u300b\u5927\u6982\u5927\u6982\u5728100\u5230110\u9875\u90a3\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bbe\u7acb\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e49\uff08\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u4e94\u7ae019\u8282\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e49\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u4e49\uff1b\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4f60\uff0c\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u4e49\u4eba\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e49\u5f52\u7b97\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba3\u544a\u6027\u7684\u79f0\u4e49\uff0cdeclarative justification\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u79f0\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u79f0\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e49\uff0c\u7f6a\u5b7d\u632a\u53bb\u3002OK,\u597d,\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u4e86\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684,\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u8bf4\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u4e86\u5c31\u7b97\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u8bf4\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u7075\u9b42\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u6c38\u751f\u3001\u7231\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f60\u5047\u5982\u8bf4\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53e3\u91cc\u5634\u5df4\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u7231\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u7231\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u53eb\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u3002To use a concept constitutively is to regard it as a designation of something that actually exists in the world, one of the constituents of experience.\u5047\u5982\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u8fd9\u6837\u7528\u6cd5,\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7,\u4f60\u7528\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u6765\u8bb2\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u5177\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5177\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6784\u6210\u3001\u8bbe\u7acb\u6210\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7075\u9b42\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ddf\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e07\u7269\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cthe concept of God \uff0cself and world cannot be constitutive ,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u6211\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u5f88\u6bc1\u706d\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f60\u60f3\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u60f3\u5230\u6211\u3001\u60f3\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>B.\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u5c31\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u963fQ\u3002 nevertheless these concepts have important regulative uses\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u7075\u9b42\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u7528\u9014\u7684\uff0ca regulative concept is one that is useful for our lives,\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u7528\u5904\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002in Kant\u2019s view, even though we cannot prove that God or other ideals really exist,\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u7231\u5b58\u5728\uff0cwe ought to behave as if they really existed.\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8981\u5047\u88c5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u7231\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u751f\u6d3b\u3002These regulative ideas are useful, for example, in science.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ba1\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\u9762\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u3002the universe is ordered by God,\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u8d50\u4e88\u7684ordered by God\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d50\u4e88\u79e9\u5e8f\u8005\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002that it operates in its totality as a system of laws,\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u5957\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0cthat it can be understood by the mind\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u667a\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5f8b\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9:\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u4e88\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u5957\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u667a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u3001\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bd4\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5047\u5982\u662f\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u4fe1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d4b\u4e88\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u667a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u5047\u88c5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u89c4\u5f8b\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f60\u5f88\u963fQ\u5730\u5047\u88c5\u4f60\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f60\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6211\u987a\u4fbf\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3001\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u90fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u8fc7\u7684\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u540c\u6837\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6740\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5429\u5490\uff0cmoral standards are divine commands\uff0cGod\u2019 commands\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f1a\u8d4f\u8d50\u90a3\u4e9b\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8d76\u7d27\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u5429\u5490\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6709\u8d4f\u7f5a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u66f4\u8ba4\u771f\u9762\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0ceven if God does not exist, it is better to believe in him than not to believe in him\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f60\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u8bba\u9053\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0cKANT\u2019S ETHICS\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\uff08\u5728\u7b2c34\u9875\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e49\u768434\u9875\uff0c\u4e66\u672c\u7684263\u9875\uff09\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5eb7\u5fb7\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8ddf\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u540c\u6837\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f531980\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u8dd1\u53bb\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u53bb\u627e\u54f2\u5b66\u8ddf\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u53e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u8ddf\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6cd5\u5229\u8d5b\u4eba\u7684\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u662f\u6362\u6c64\u4e0d\u6362\u836f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u534e\u4eba\u5f88\u8212\u670d\u3002\u96be\u602a\u8fde\u6211\u4eec\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e5f\u51fa\u7248\u4e00\u672c\u6b23\u8d4f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6027\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u3002\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u5047\u5982\u8981\u770b\u6211\u600e\u4e48\u8ba8\u8bba\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff08Doctrine of the Christian Life\uff09\u82f1\u6587\u7684109\u5230116\u9875\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u65e2\u7136\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u6027\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7406\u6027\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002\u4f60\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u601d\u8003\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u73b0\u8c61\u754c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c82\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5417\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u575a\u51b3\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u8bba\u8005deontologist\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u7684absolute duties\uff0c\u800c\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u5bf9\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u5c3d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b83\u662f\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u6216\u8005\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53eb\u505amoral imperative\u6216\u8005categorical imperative\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002Ethical judgments\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u5f0a\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8ddf\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u7ec4\u5408\u5148\u9a8c\u7684synthetic a 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knowledge\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5148\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u601d\u8003\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e07\u7269\u5462\uff1funiversal and necessary 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