{"id":11470,"date":"2024-07-28T07:41:57","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T07:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=11470"},"modified":"2025-06-05T23:17:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T23:17:43","slug":"%e5%b0%86%e4%ba%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%bf%83%e6%84%8f%e5%a4%ba%e5%9b%9e%ef%bc%9a%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e5%ae%97%e6%8a%a4%e6%95%99%e5%ad%a6_23_%e9%a2%84%e8%ae%be%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=11470","title":{"rendered":"\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_23_\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\r\n .player11469  .plyr__controls,\r\n .player11469 .StampAudioPlayerSkin{\r\n  border-radius: 10px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n }\r\n .player11469{\r\n  margin: 0 auto; }\r\n .player11469 .plyr__controls .plyr__controls {\r\n   border-radius: none;\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n .skin_default .player11469 .plyr__controls {\r\n   overflow: visible;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<div class=\"skin_default\" id=\"skin_default\">\r\n  <div style=\"width:100%;--plyr-color-bg:#333\" class=\"h5ap_standard_player player11469\" \r\n  data-poster=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/html5-audio-player-pro\/shortcode\/player\/sticky-default.jpg\" \r\n  data-skin=\"default\" \r\n  data-title=\"Audio Title\" \r\n  data-song=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2011_\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\/\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_23_\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49.mp3\" \r\n  data-id=\"11469\" \r\n  data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player11469\" id=\"player11469\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2011_\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\/\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u62a4\u6559\u5b66_23_\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p>\u300a\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u8bb2 \u00a0\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144&amp;Cherry\u59d0\u59b9_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u51dd\u9999\u767e\u5408\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bfe\u662f\u8bb2\u5230\u7b2c94\u9875\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u611f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5148\u9a8c\u548c\u540e\u9a8c\uff0c\u548c\u9884\u8bbeA priori and a posteriori\uff0c and presupposition\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u8981\u5230\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3eVan Til is a presuppositionalist\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462?\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u7ffb\u523099\u9875\uff0c\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"14\">\n<li><strong>\u300c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>In What Sense Van Til is a Presuppositionalist\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u628a\u7ed3\u8bba\u8bb2\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u56de\u53bb\u8bb2\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ddf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\u3001\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u6216\u8005\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u201c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1fVan Til may be called a presuppositionalist in another sense. \u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u3002he believed that God\u2019s revelation has absolute authority over all human thought. \u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\u6709\u6743\u67c4\u7ba1\u6cbb\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u3002and thus a certain priority over all human thought. \u56e0\u6b64\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6709\u6743\u5a01authority\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0ca priority \uff0cWe have seen that his concept of analogical knowledge requires us to \u201cthink God\u2019s thoughts after him.\u201d \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u8fc7\u7c7b\u6bd4\u601d\u7ef4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4:\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u6548\u6cd5\u795e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u800c\u601d\u7ef4\uff0cWe have seen that\uff0c in Van Til\u2019s view\uff0c revelation must serve as our ultimate criterion of truth in all areas of life.\u4ece\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u751f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u4e0a\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u603b\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>This revelation is given to us a priori\uff0c in a sense. \u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u666e\u904d\u542f\u793a\u6216\u8005\u7279\u6b8a\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u8d50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002It\uff08revelation\uff09 governs our interpretation of experience\uff0c \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7ba1\u7406\u5de6\u53f3\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0cand that is one traditional function of a priori knowledge. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002But we discover it partly through our experience\uff0c unlike a priori knowledge in the traditional sense.\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u540e\u9a8c\u5730\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u542f\u793a-\u5723\u7ecf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>We learn about God by reading the Bible \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u8bfb\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\uff0cunder the illumination of the Holy Spirit\u900f\u8fc7\u5723\u7075\u7684\u5149\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795eand by observing his handiwork in creation and in ourselves. \u4e5f\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u795e\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u91cc\u9762\u795e\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u3002That is\uff0c we receive revelation through experience. \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u91cc\u9762\u9886\u53d7\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7684\u3002This is why Van Til is able\uff0c in the previously quoted passage\uff0c to draw a sharp contrast between a priori reasoning and basing ourselves upon the revelation of God.\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u9762\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4ee5\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6765\u5bf9\u7167\u201c\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4eba\u672c\u7684\uff09\u548c\u201c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5408\u4e4e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u6d3e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u5148\u9a8c\u601d\u7ef4\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002So\uff0c we may or may not choose to call Van Til a presuppositionalist. \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8bba\u4f60\u79f0\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4f5c\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u79f0\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u3002 But it is more important in either case to understand in what ways Van Til affirms traditional apriorism\uff0c and in what ways he rejects it. \u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u660e\u767d\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684a priori\u5148\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff08\u59d4\u8eab\uff09\u2500\u2500\u5085\u5170\u59c6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(101\u9875)Van Til uses the term presupposition to indicate the role that divine revelation ought to play in human thought.\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 I do not believe that he ever defines the term.\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4:\u597d\u50cf\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u9884\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c I have tried to define it for him \u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d as a \u201cbasic heart-commitment.\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u575a\u6301\u6216\u8005\u59d4\u8eab\u3002For the Christian\uff0cthat commitment is to God as he reveals himself in his Word. \u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u575a\u6301\u3001\u6211\u7684\u59d4\u8eab\u662f\u671d\u5411\u5728\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u542f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002Non-Christians substitute something else\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5462\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4f5c\u4ed6\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61-another god\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u660e\u5462\uff1bthemselves\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff1bpleasure\u6b22\u4e50\uff1bmoney\u94b1\u8d22\uff1brationality \u7406\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff0cas that to which they are ultimately committed \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u547d\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cand that which governs all of life\uff0c including thought.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u638c\u63a7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u638c\u63a7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002Our ultimate commitment plays an important role in our knowledge.\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u59d4\u8eab\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u3002 It determines our ultimate criteria of truth and falsity\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u5224\u65ad\u771f\u4e0e\u5047\u3001\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0cas long as we consistently maintain our ultimate commitment\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u5f7b\u5e95\u5730\u575a\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u59d4\u8eab\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u51c6\u5219\uff0cwe cannot accept anything as true or right that conflicts with that commitment.\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u5b83\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u521a\u624d\u8bfb\u7684\u7b2c100-101\u9875\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d&#8211;\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u597d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u523095\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u8111\u888b\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cc\u9762\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u5b58\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5462\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u4ed6\u91cc\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u5462\uff1f\u4eba\u51ed\u4e94\u5b98\uff0c\u51ed\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e07\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u77e5\u9053\u65b0\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\u90fd\u662f\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u96f6\u96f6\u788e\u788e\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u4e09\u652f\u3001\u957f\u7684\u3001\u767d\u7684\u3001\u7ea2\u7684\u3001\u7eff\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u8868\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\u4f60\u4eec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u9519\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5934\u6765\u95ee\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5e94\u8be5\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u4f60\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u95ee\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u4e2a\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u8ddf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c31\u8bf4\u4f60\u5148\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u5148\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4e94\u5b98\u6765\u73b0\u8c61\u5316perception\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u8fc7\u6ee4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u89c2\u5ff5concept\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684perception\uff0c concept\u5370\u8c61\u5316\u8ddf\u7406\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u77e5\u9053\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5916\u8868\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7406\u6027\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e0a\u9762\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u53c8\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7406\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bb2\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49Idealism<\/p>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong>\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u552f\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b66\uff09<\/strong>Idealism<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>Idealism in Germany (Fichte\uff0c Schelling\uff0c Hegel)\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b66\uff0cFichte\uff0c Schelling\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49Green\uff0c Bradley\uff0c Bosanquet\uff0c continued Kant\u2019s transcendental approach\uff0c \u8fd8\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u8d85\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c although it reached different conclusions about the preconditions of knowledge.\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4Fichte and Hegel\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u867d\u7136\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4e94\u5b98\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u771f\u7406\u3002\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u6389\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u786c\u8981\u963fQ\u7cbe\u795e\u5730\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c&#8230;\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ddf\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0cIdealism\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u6216\u8005\u662f\u552f\u5fc3\uff0cIdealism and romanticism \u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u97f3\u4e50\u8096\u90a6\u3001\u8212\u4f2f\u7279\u3001\u8212\u66fc\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0f\u591c\u66f2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u771f\u5584\u7f8e\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5f88\u665a\u5f88\u665a\u7684\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u597d\u8fdc\u597d\u8fdc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f88\u4e45\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u7231\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u3001\u7f8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5f88\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u665a\u4e0a\u5f88\u591c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f88\u665a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7231\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7f8e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u592921\u4e16\u7eaa\u770b\u56de\u53bb\uff0c200\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5c31\u89c9\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u8111\u888b\u592a\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\u7406\u6027\u548c\u4e94\u5b98\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b66\u65ad\u5730\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u697c\u4e0a\u90a3\u91cc\u641e\u771f\u5584\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7f8e\uff0c\u662f\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5728\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027mind\uff0cgeist\uff08\u5fb7\u8bed\uff09spirit\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2atranscendental approach\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f-\u771f\u3001\u5584\u3001\u7f8e\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u90a3\u4e2a\u7cbe\u795e geist\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a geist\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u6253\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a \u00a0geist\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u80fd\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u5408\u3001\u53cd\u5408\u3001\u53cd\u5408\u2026\u2026\u53d8\u6765\u53d8\u53bb\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005materialist\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u662f\u4e2a\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u641e\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8bf4\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u641e\uff0c\u6211\u641e\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u7cbe\u795e \u00a0geist\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\u201c\u9519\u201d\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u597d\u51e0\u5957\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u53cd\u52a8reaction against Hegel\uff0c\u800cHegel\u662f\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u53cd\u52a8Hegel is a reaction against Kant\u3002Hegel\u5c31\u662f\u641e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601geist\u53d8\u6765\u53d8\u53bb\uff0c\u53d8\u5230\u6700\u540e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u53d8\u5230\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u6c11\u65cf\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fb7\u56fd\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\uff01\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u53d8\u53d8\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fb7\u56fd\u3002\u5f88\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff1f\u5f88\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u6765\u4f60\u8fd9\u5957\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u8bb2\u201d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8Feuerbach\u8bf4\u7269\u8d28material \u3001matter\u624d\u662freally exists\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5c31\u641ethe modes of Production \u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5230\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5411\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u53cd\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49&#8211;\u7941\u514b\u679c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u5bf9\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u6709\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49&#8211;\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff0c\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49&#8211;\u7941\u514b\u679c\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u662f\u628a\u524d\u97622000\u5e74\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u90fd\u94f2\u6389\u7684\uff1b\u94f2\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5728\u697c\u4e0a\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8ddf\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u697c\u4e0a\u5c31\u697c\u4e0a\u54af\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u641e\u7231\u60c5\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u641e\u6d6a\u6f2b\u97f3\u4e50\u54af\u3002\u201d\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5c31\u641e\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u641e\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4f4d idealist\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u662f<em>T<\/em><em>he Idealist Concept of God<\/em><em>\uff0c <\/em>\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u540e\u90a3\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57Bosanquet\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u3002and\uff0c doubtless\uff0c picked up the term from that school of thought\u6240\u4ee5\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcdpresupposition\uff0ceven though he was very critical of idealism in general.\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5bf9\u552f\u5fc3\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u4ed6\u90a3\u672c\u4e66<em>God and the Absolute<\/em>\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6539\u5199\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e70\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<em>God and the Absolute<\/em>\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u795e\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u552f\u5fc3\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c the Absolute\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e16\u4fd7\u601d\u60f3\u641e\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u201c the Absolute\u201d\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u8ddf\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u795e\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u89c6\u9884\u8bbe\u7684 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Through the twentieth century\uff0c\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0cidealist influence on philosophy has waned\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u554a\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u552f\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u6162\u6162\u5730\u5f0f\u5fae\u4e86\uff0cbut others have emphasized the importance of presuppositions in human knowledge\uff0c with or without using the term. \u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7528presupposition\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u6ce8\u91cd\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002Phenomenologist\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0cexistentialists\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684importance of the \u201clife world\uff0c\u201d \u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4e16\u754c\uff1bthe world of ordinary experience\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0cwhich supplies the presuppositions for theoretical activity.\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u8003\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u6216\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u54af\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Ludwig Witt<strong>g<\/strong>enstein\uff08\u6f0f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201dg\u201d)\u00a0 \u7ef4\u6839\u65af\u5766\u8bf4\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0fform of life\uff0c\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620flanguage game\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u5148\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5148\u63a5\u53d7\u4f60\u662f\u6d3b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u73a9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u795e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u5c31\u662f God talk\u3001God language\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u201c\u795e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u603b\u4e4b\u795e\u662f\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002Ok! Life word game.\u7136\u540ePhilosophers of science \u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u53eb\u505aPhilosophers of science\u3002 have often emphasized the presuppositions of scientific theorizing: \u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff1a Michael Polanyi\u2019s \u201ctacit knowledge\u201d \u666e\u84dd\u5c3c\u7684\u201c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\uff0cand Thomas Kuhn\u2019s \u201cparadigms.\u201d\u8fd8\u6709\u5b54\u5fb7\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4ee3\u6a21paradigms\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002Thomas S.\u00a0Kuhn\uff0c<em>The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\uff0c <\/em>\u5b54\u6069\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u8bf4\u6bcf\u6b21\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aparadigms\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ea6\u800c\u540c\u7684\u90fd\u5728\u8bb2presupposition\uff0c\u8bb2\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u575a\u6301\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08praxis\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6240\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u89e3\u653e\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u3002Some hermeneutical theorists\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u3001\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6 have emphasized the need of prior commitment to a \u201cstory.\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u59d4\u8eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4f60\u59d4\u8eab\u4e8e\u201c\u6545\u4e8b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c31\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u201c\u771f\u7406\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002And deconstructionists \u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005 have found so much bias in human communication \u4ed6\u53d1\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6c9f\u901a\u4e2d\u592a\u591a\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u4e86\uff0cin the view of their critics\uff0c they have entirely denied the possibility of objective content in language\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8ba4\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0creducing language entirely to the assertion of presuppositions.\u8bed\u8a00\u5b8c\u5168\u7ea6\u5316\u4e3a\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u554a\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\uff1fNew York times\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\uff08\u7ef4\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\uff09wikileaks\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u60c5\u62a5\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u754c\u9650\u5c31\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u6709\u4f4d\u5973\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u537fHillary Clinton\uff08\u5e0c\u62c9\u91cc.\u514b\u6797\u987f\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u5e26\u7740\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u8fdb\u767d\u5bab\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f1993\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u8bb2\u7b11\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u4f4d\u5973\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592bBill Clinton\u8fdb\u767d\u5bab\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u592b\u5987\u8bf4\uff1aWe have arrived! \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b09\u76ae\u58eb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u68a6\u6253\u5012\u5723\u7ecf\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u68a6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u4ed6\u5728\u7535\u89c6\u4e0a\u90a3\u4e9b\u665a\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1aI did not have sex with that woman. \u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u90a3\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u6709\u6027\u4ea4\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u8bed\u8a00\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\uff1f\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u90a3\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u7684\u9891\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u53e5\u8bdd\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u8bb2\u7684\u662fwords have no meaning\u5b57\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u6784they are all social constructions\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u7528\u5b57\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u5929\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u949f\u4e4b\u540e\u8bf4\uff1a\u54e6\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5566\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u4fe1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e5f\u4fe1\u3002\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e86\uff01\u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6211\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8bef\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u949f\u540e\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4fe1\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u7d27\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002reduces language entirely to the assertion of presuppositions.\u90a3\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u54e6\uff0c\u662f\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49deconstruction\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u90fd\u89e3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u9762\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u5411\u5b57\u5178\u91cc\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b57\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u9519\uff1f\uff08\u7ca4\u8bed21:45\uff09\uff1f\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6709\u8bb2\uff1f\u8bb2\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u7537\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5987\u5973\u3001\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u538b\u8feb\u5265\u524a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u521a\u624d\u6211\u8bf4\u514b\u6797\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u4ed6\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u561b\uff0c\u4ed6\u638c\u63a7\u4e86\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u89c6\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u9a6c\uff08\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\uff09\u8ddf\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5730\u533a\u957f\u5927\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u5199\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u662f\u8ddf\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u6765\u8bb2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong>\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6216\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Clearly then\uff0c any twentieth-century apologist worth his salt would have to deal in a serious way with the concept of presupposition\uff0c\u6240\u4ee520\u4e16\u7eaa\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u79f0\u804c\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5bb6\u90fd\u8981\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u5904\u7406\u9884\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0cdistinguishing it from other aspects of human knowledge\uff0c \u8981\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6765\uff0cand distinguishing his own view from the many other possibilities available. \u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53c8\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u3002Van Til undertook this task\uff0c\u00a0 \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u3002but in this respect he was no different form many other apologists\uff0c \u4f46\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u62a4\u6559\u5bb6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53e4\u5178\u6d3e\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u5047\u5982\u8bfb\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\u300a\u601d\u6f6e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e89\u8fa9\u300bWorldviews in Conflict: Choosing Christianity in a World of Ideas by Ronald H. Nash\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6d3e\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u4e66\uff0cNorman Geisler\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u5173\u4e8e\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\u5199\u7684\u4e66\uff0cNorman Geisler\u6240\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u6bcf\u4e00\u6d3e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u6d3e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u641e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ece\u6316\u4ed6\u7684\u5e95\u724c\u6765\u6279\u5224\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u56e0\u4e3aNorman Geisler\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8bef\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efd\uff0c\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u89e3\u91ca\u5723\u7ecf\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u662f\u4ed6\u8d77\u8349\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u540c\u8def\u4eba\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u8ddf\u65f6\u4ee3\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u7ecf\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u662f\u540c\u8def\u4eba\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u62a4\u6559\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u672c\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u627c\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u610f\u593a\u56de\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u8bb2 \u00a0\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u95ee\u9898 \u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144&#038;am [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-136"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11470\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}