{"id":10996,"date":"2024-06-27T15:21:02","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T15:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10996"},"modified":"2024-06-27T15:21:02","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T15:21:02","slug":"%e4%bc%af%e5%85%8b%e5%af%8c%e3%80%8a%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e6%95%99%e6%95%99%e4%b9%89%e5%8f%b2%e3%80%8b04_%e7%ac%ac%e4%ba%8c%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e7%9a%84%e8%af%ba%e6%96%af%e5%ba%95%e4%b8%bb%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10996","title":{"rendered":"\u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\u300b04_\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e31cdb48b2 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e31cdb48b2 video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e31cdb48b2 { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e31cdb48b2 { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e31cdb48b2 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data-options='{&quot;controls&quot;:[&quot;play&quot;,&quot;progress&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;,&quot;settings&quot;],&quot;seekTime&quot;:10,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Audio Title&quot;,&quot;author&quot;:&quot;Author Name&quot;,&quot;disableDownload&quot;:false,&quot;fusionDownload&quot;:true,&quot;color&quot;:&quot;#fff&quot;,&quot;background&quot;:&quot;#333&quot;,&quot;repeat&quot;:false,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;opt-1&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;muted&quot;:false,&quot;disablePause&quot;:false}'>\r\n    <audio  playsinline preload=\"auto\" class=\"player10995\" id=\"player10995\">\r\n      <source src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u6559\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\/2017-2020_\u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc_\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\/\u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\u300b04_\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\u300b04 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>The History of Christian Doctrines&#8211;Section 4 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2&#8211;\u7b2c4\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Gnosticism in the second century\uff08\u7b2c46\u9875\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>From the early part of the second century\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0cthese errors assumed a more developed from\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u89c4\u6a21\u4e86\uff0cwere openly proclaimed\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u88ab\u5ba3\u8bb2\uff0cand at once had an amazingly wide circulation .\u6709\u7740\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6d41\u4f20\u3002This can be understood only in the light of the general syncretism of the period.\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u6df7\u6742\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002There was a widespread religious unrest \u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u60c5\u7eea\uff0cand a surprisingly eagerness to absorb all possible religious ideas\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6e34\u671b\u8981\u5438\u6536\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cand to generalize and harmonize them.\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u5316\u3001\u878d\u6c47\u8d2f\u901a\u3002Western religions had ceased to satisfy\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f60\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u897f\u65b9\u5b97\u6559\uff1f\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u91cc\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u656c\u62dc\uff0cand Eastern cults\uff0c \u800c\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u6d3e\u522b\uff0cdiligently propagated by itinerant preachers\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u65c5\u884c\u5e03\u9053\u7684\u8bb2\u9053\u5bb6\uff0c\u52e4\u52b3\u7684\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u7740\uff0cwere eagerly embraced .\u4ee4\u4eba\u70ed\u5fc3\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002The great aim was \u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\uff0cto gratify the thirst for deeper knowledge\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6df7\u6742\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bf9\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0cthe desire for mystic communion with God\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u7740\u795e\u79d8\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0cand the hope of securing a sure path for the soul in its ascent to the upper ward at death.\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7075\u9b42\u627e\u4e00\u6761\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6b7b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53bb\u3002It is no wonder that this tendency itself to Christianity\uff0c\u96be\u602a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\u5c31\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fde\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0cwhich seemed to address itself to the same task with marked success.\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u86ee\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002Moreover \uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0cit found support in the claim of Christianity to be the absolute and universal religion.\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3001\u666e\u4e16\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u7ed9\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e26\u6765\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002It may be said that\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u628a\u5b83\u4ece\u5934\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\uff0cIt may be said that\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0cGnosticism mistakenly sought to elevate Christianity to its rightful position\uff0c\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u53bb\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u53eb\u5b83\u5f97\u5230\u5b83\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0cthat of universal religion\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\uff0cby adapting it to the needs of all\uff0c\u8ba9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fce\u5408\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c and by interpreting it in harmony with the wisdom of the world .\u800c\u7b26\u5408\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u8be0\u91ca\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fc1\u5c31\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u7ed9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5b8c\u5168\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[b] <strong><em>The essential character of Gnosticism.<\/em><\/strong>\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002Gnosticism was first of all a <em>speculative movement.<\/em>\u9996\u5148\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u731c\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7384\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002The speculative element was very much in the foreground.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u731c\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u3002The very name <em>Gnostikoi <\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em>\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u7684\u540d\u79f0&#8211;\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0cadopted by some of its adherents\uff0c \u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u6240\u81ea\u79f0\u7684\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>indicates that they laid claim to a deeper knowledge of divine things than could be obtained by common believers. \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002The Gnostic grappled with some of the deeper problems of philosophy and religion\uff0c\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a2\u7a76\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u8ddf\u5b97\u6559\u91cc\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cbut approached them in the wrong manner\u4f46\u662f\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0cand suggested solutions totally at variance with the truth of revelation.\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u5462\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u7684\u771f\u7406\u79bb\u5f97\u5341\u4e07\u516b\u5343\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e48\u8fdc\u3002Their tow greatest problems were\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0cthose of absolute being\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b58\u6709\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898and of the origin of evil\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\uff1a\u6076\u7684\u7f18\u8d77\uff0c problems not of Christian but of heathen religious thought.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u7684\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b58\u6709\u201d\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u964c\u751f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u592a\u6781\u3001\u592a\u4e00\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8bb2\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6700\u9ad8\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002They developed a phantastic cosmogony\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0cin which they borrowed freely from oriental speculation\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u731c\u6d4b\u91cc\u9762\u5f88\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u8d44\u6599\uff0cand with which they sought to combine the truths of the Gospel.\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0e\u798f\u97f3\u91cc\u7684\u771f\u7406\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002Undoubtedly\uff0c they were serious in their attempts to make the Gospel acceptable to the \u00a0educated and cultured classes of their day.\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8ba9\u798f\u97f3\u4f7f\u5f53\u65f6\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u4f60\u60f3\u8d77\u8c01\uff1f\u60f3\u8d77\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Gnosticism as a popular movement \u505a\u4e3a\u5927\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u7b2c37\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p>In spite of its speculative character\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0cGnosticism was also a <em>popular movement.<\/em>\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a<em>\u5927\u4f17\u8fd0\u52a8<\/em>\u3002In order to sway the masses\uff0c it had to be something more than mere speculation.\u82e5\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u3002Therefore attempts were made in special associations\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u522b\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0cto popularize the \u00a0general cosmical theory \u6765\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u5927\u4f17\u5316by symbolic rites\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u793c\u4eea\uff0cmystic ceremonies\uff0c \u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c and the teaching of magic formulas\uff0c \u4e5f\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u9b54\u672f\u7684\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5492\u8bed\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002In the initiation into these associations\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5165\u6559\u7684\u3001\u5165\u793e\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u91cc\u9762\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u6b21\u554a\u3002In the initiation into these associations\uff0c \u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5165\u793e\u3001\u5165\u6559\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u91cc\uff0cstrange formulas and rites formed an important part.\u5947\u602a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002These were supposed to form a necessary and effective protection against the power of sin and death\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u7f6a\u548c\u6b7b\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0cand to be a means of gaining access to the blessedness of the world to come.\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u672a\u6765\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8499\u798f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u3002In reality\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0ctheir introduction\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u9b54\u672f\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u4eea\u5f0f\u5462\uff0cwas an attempt to transform the Gospel\u4e43\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5into a religious philosophy and into mystic wisdom.\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u798f\u97f3\u6539\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u6539\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002Yet Gnosticism claimed to be Christian in character.\u53ef\u662f\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u6709\u7740\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u3002Whenever possible\uff0c it appealed to the words of Jesus explained in an allegorical way\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\u5c3d\u91cf\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u8bb2\u8fc7\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5462\uff0c\u4ece\u7075\u610f\u3001\u5bd3\u610f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c and to a so-call secret tradition\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0chanded down from the times of the Apostles.\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4f7f\u5f92\u65f6\u671f\u4f20\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f20\u7edf\u3002Many received its teachings as in genuine Christian truth.\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u9886\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f53\u505a\u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u771f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Gnosticism was also a <em>syncretistic movemen<\/em>t\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u731c\u6d4b\u6027\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7384\u5b66\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002 Gnosticism was also a <em>syncretistic movement<\/em> within the sphere of Christianity.\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002It is still the matter of discussion\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff0cwhether the Gnostics were Christians in any sense of the term.\u5c31\u662f\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002According to Seeberg \u6839\u636e\u897f\u6ce2\u5c14Gnosticism was pagan rather than gentile Christian.\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u90a6\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5f02\u6559\u3002It addressed itself to the solutions to problems that \u00a0originated in the religious thought of the heathen world\uff0c\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ece\u5f02\u6559\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7f18\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c and merely gave its discussions a somewhat Christian colouring.\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6d82\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u800c\u5df2\u3002Apparently it placed a high estimate on Jesus Christ as marking the decisive turning-point in human history\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f97\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u5c31\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0cand as a teacher of absolute truth.\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e5f\u662f\u6559\u5bfc\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u3002Harnack \u54c8\u7eb3\u514b\uff0c\u54c8\u7eb3\u514b\u662f\u5df4\u7279\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0cHarnack speaks of it as as \u2018the acute Helenizing of Christianity\u2019\uff0c \u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u5e0c\u814a\u5316\uff0cand calls the Gnostics \u2018the first Christian theologians\u2019.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f \u2018\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u2019\u3002Prof. Walther is more correct\uff0cWalther \u6559\u6388\u6bd4\u8f83\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0cwhen he says that Gnosticism is \u2018&#8230;a stealing of some Christian rags to cover heathen nakedness\u2019.\u4ed6\u8bf4 \u2018\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\u662f\u8d64\u8eab\u9732\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5077\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u70c2\u5e03\u53bb\u906e\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u5df2\u2019\u3002This corresponds with the description of Seeberg \u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u897f\u4f2f\u5c14\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0cwhen he speaks of it as \u2018an ethnicizing of Christianity\u2019.\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u672c\u8272\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6c11\u65cf\u5316\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u672c\u8272\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7763\u5316\uff0c\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc1\u5c31\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[c] <strong><em>The main teachings of Gnosticism.<\/em><\/strong>\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff08\u7b2c47\u9875\u3002\uff09We cannot discuss the various Gnostic systems\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c such as those of Valentinus\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u8303\u4f26\u7f07\u90a3\u65af\uff0cand Basilides\uff0c\u548c\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u5fb7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u7b49\uff0cbut can only briefly indicate the teachings\u00a0 of Gnosticism in general.\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002A trait of dualism runs through the whole system\u4ed6\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u663e\u9732\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u52bf\u529b\uff0cand manifests itself in the position that there are two original principles or gods\uff0c\u4f55\u4ee5\u89c1\u5f97\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u6210\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u80a1\u539f\u672c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u672c\u7684\u795e\u660e\uff0cwhich are opposite to each other as higher and lower\uff0c or even as good and bad.\u5f7c\u6b64\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e4e\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u8bb2\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002The supreme or good God\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5584\u795eis an unfathomable abyss.\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a77\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u3002He interposes<\/p>\n<p>between Himself and finite creatures a long chain of aeons or middle beings\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\uff1fpsych\uff1f&#8211;\u7075\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u7075\u4f53\uff0cemanations from the divine\uff0capplications from the divine\u90fd\u662f\u795e\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6563\u53d1\uff0cwhich together constitute the Pleroma or fullness of the divine essence.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5584\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7684\u7075\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e30\u6ee1\u3001\u5706\u6ee1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u3002It is only through these intermediate beings that the highest God can enter into various relations with created beings.\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5fc5\u987b\u900f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7075\u4f53\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e0e\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u505c\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u52b2\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u548c\u534e\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u795e\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7a77\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u795e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u78b0\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u90aa\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bb2\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\uff0c\u95e8\u5f92\u4eec\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u8d70\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u811a\u5370\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u811a\u5370\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u5403\u662f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u79c0\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7942\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5403\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u5b50\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7b\u5f71\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u9b3c\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5584\u795e\u4e0d\u80fd\u78b0\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u3002\u4eba\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u561b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e4b\u7075\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u3002\u4f46\u7942\u4e0d\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7a77\u7a76country has the 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