{"id":10964,"date":"2024-06-27T14:58:23","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T14:58:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10964"},"modified":"2024-06-27T14:58:23","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T14:58:23","slug":"%e4%bc%af%e5%85%8b%e5%af%8c%e3%80%8a%e5%9f%ba%e7%9d%a3%e6%95%99%e6%95%99%e4%b9%89%e5%8f%b2%e3%80%8b08_%e5%ad%9f%e4%bb%96%e5%8a%aa%e6%b4%be%e7%9a%84%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10964","title":{"rendered":"\u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2\u300b08_\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u6d3e\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e543326dbd .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e543326dbd video { max-width:100% }#h5vp6a3e543326dbd { border-radius:0px }#h5vp6a3e543326dbd { overflow:hidden }#h5vp6a3e543326dbd .h5vp_video_overlay 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support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>The History of Christian Doctrines&#8211;Section 8 \u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u53f2&#8211;\u7b2c8\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb\u5f1f\u5144_\u6587\u5b57\uff1aCherry\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n<p>THE MONTANIST REFORMATION\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5728reform movement in the Church\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>THE MONTANIST REFORMATION\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u6d3e\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[a] Its origin. \u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002While Montanism may be regarded as a reaction against the innovation of the Gnostics\uff0c \u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5bf9\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5177\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u800c\u5174\u8d77\u7684\uff0cit was itself also characterized by innovation tendencies.\u4f46\u662f\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8d8b\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002Montanus appeared in Phrygia about the year AD 150\uff0c \u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u5728\u4e3b\u540e150\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u54c8\uff0c\u5728\u5f17\u5415\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u5de6\u53f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7cbe\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5728\u4e3b\u540e150\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u5728\u5f17\u5415\u5bb6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0cand therefore his teaching is often called the Phrygian heresy.\u6240\u4ee5\u5462\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u5f17\u5415\u5bb6\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\u3002He and two women\uff0c Prisca and Maximilla\uff0c \u4ed6\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u5987\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u767e\u5c45\u62c9\uff0c\u9ea6\u5409\u7c73\u62c9\uff0cannounced themselves as prophets.\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u3002On the basis of the Gospel of John they held\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u58f0\u79f0\u8bf4that the last and highest stage of revelation has been reached.\u58f0\u79f0\u6700\u540e\u6700\u9ad8\u542f\u793a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e34\u5230\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u542f\u793a\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e34\u5230\u3002The age of the Paraclete had come\uff0c \u5b89\u6170\u5e08Paraclete\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6765\u5230\uff0cand the Paraclete spoke through Montanus \u00a0now that the end of the world was at hand.\u90a3\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4fdd\u60e0\u5e08\u900f\u8fc7\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u7684\u53e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u672b\u65e5\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5230\u3002The revelation given through Montanus were chiefly concerned with those things in which it seemed that the Scripture were not sufficiently ascetic.\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u591f\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5723\u7ecf\u4e0d\u591f\u5f3a\u8c03\u7981\u6b32\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u82e6\u4fee\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002From this it would seem that the most essential element in Montanism was its legalistic asceticism.\u4ece\u8fd9\u70b9\u6765\u770b\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u5b88\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7981\u6b32\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[b] Its main teachings.[\u7b2c\u4e8c]\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\u3002According to Montanism the last period of revelation has opened with the coming of the Paraclete.\u6839\u636e\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u501f\u7740\u4fdd\u60e0\u5e08\u7684\u6765\u5230\u5c31\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002Hence the present age is one of spiritual gifts and especially of prophecy.\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u7075\u6069\u8d50\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u8bf4\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002Montanus and his co-labourers are regarded as the last of the prophets\uff0c bringing new revelations.\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002On the whole the Montanists were orthodox \u00a0and accepted the rule of faith.\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b97\u662f\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u518d\u89e3\u91ca\u8fc7\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u3002\u539f\u6587\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u63a5\u53d7rule of faith\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f17\u6559\u4f1a\u6240\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406.rule of faith\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002They strongly emphasized the nearness of the end of the world\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672b\u65e5\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e86\uff0cand in view of this \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5462insisted on strict moral requirements\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u8981\u6709\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0csuch as celibacy (or at most a single marriage)\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5b88\u7ae5\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u5165\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0cfasting\u7981\u98df\uff0cand rigid moral discipline.\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u64cd\u7ec3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3002They unduly exalted martyrdom \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9ad8\u4e3e\u6b89\u9053an absolutely forbade flight from persecution.\u7edd\u5bf9\u7981\u6b62\u9003\u79bb\u903c\u8feb\u3002Moreover \uff0c they revealed a tendency to exalt the special charisms \u00a0in the Church and the expense of the regular offices and officers.\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e3e\u5723\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7075\u6069\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u804c\u5206\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8005\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u804c\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u8001\u3001\u6267\u4e8b\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u5bfc\u554a\u3001\u7ba1\u6559\u554a\u3001\u7267\u517b\u554a\u7b49\u7b49\u3002While Marcion appealed especially to the writing of Paul\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u9a6c\u5409\u5b89\u7279\u522b\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0cMontanus sought support more particularly in the Gospel and Epistles of John.\u90a3\u4e48\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u7279\u522b\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u8ddf\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e66\u4fe1\u91cc\u9762\u627e\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[c] Its \u00a0reception in the Church .[\u7b2c\u4e09]\u6559\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\u3002The Church was placed in a somewhat embarrassing position by Montamism.\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba9\u6559\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6ee1\u5c34\u5c2c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002On the \u00a0one hand\u4e00\u65b9\u9762it represented the orthodox position over against the speculations of Gnostics\uff0c and \u00a0such deserved appreciation.\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u70b9\u6765\u770b\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6b23\u8d4f\u7684\u3002And in view of the Scripture emphasis on the nearness of the end of the world\uff0c\u800c\u5723\u7ecf\u65e2\u7136\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e16\u754c\u672b\u65e5\u4e34\u8fd1\uff0con the great importance of the charismatic gifts\uff0c particularly prophecy\uff0c \u5723\u7ecf\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5723\u7075\u7684\u6069\u8d50\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u9884\u8a00\uff0cand the necessity of keeping oneself unspotted from the world&#8211;\u5723\u7ecf\u4e5f\u575a\u6301\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u73b7\u6c61&#8211;it is not difficult to understand that many regarded it with favour.\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4ea7\u751f\u597d\u611f\u3002On the other hand\u4f46\u662f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cthe Church follow a true instinct in rejecting it\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u554a\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0cespecially because of the fanaticism it involved \u7279\u522b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b5f\u4ed6\u52aa\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u7275\u626f\u5230\u7684\u72c2\u70ed\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0cand its claim to a higher revelation than that contained in the New Testament.\u548c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7740\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u91cc\u542f\u793a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7075\u6069\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>IV: \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0:THE APOLOGISTS AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH\u2019S THEOLOGY<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u840c\u82bd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n<p>1.\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684THE TASK OF THE APOLOGISTS\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>Pressure from without and from within called for a clear statement and for defense of the truth\uff0c\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u5916\u9762\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u4ece\u6559\u4f1a\u91cc\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u50ac\u903c\u6559\u4f1a\u8981\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u548c\u8fa9\u62a4\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u795e\u5b66\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\uff0c and thus gave birth to theology.\u00a0 The earliest Fathers who took up the defense of the truth are for that very reason called Apologists.\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u65f6\u671f\u7ef4\u62a4\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6559\u7236\u4eec\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f18\u6545\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4eecApologists \u3002The most important of these \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e86Justin\uff0c\u6e38\u65af\u4e01\uff0cTatian\u4ed6\u63d0\u5b89\uff0cAthenagoras\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u62ff\u6b4c\u62c9\uff0cand the Theophilus of Antioch.\u8fd8\u6709\u5b89\u63d0\u963f\u7684\u63d0\u963f\u975e\u7f57\u3002They addressed their apologies partly to the rulers and partly to the intelligence public.\u00a0 \u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5199\u7684\u62a4\u6559\u7684\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5411\u5f53\u6743\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efd\u5b50\u3002Their immediate object\u4ed6\u4eec\u773c\u524d\u7684\u76ee\u6807was to mollify the temper of the authorities and of the people in general towards Christianity;\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7f13\u548c\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7684\u60c5\u6000; and they sought to do this by setting forth its true character\u501f\u7740\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6027\u8d28and by refuting \u00a0the charges proffered against Christians.\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u53cd\u9a73\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u63a7\u544a\u3002They were particularly solicitous to make the Christian religion is acceptable to the educated classes\u4ed6\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u7eb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0cby stressing its rationality.\u501f\u7740\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u7740\u5f3a\u8c03\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u8981\u8ba9\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u7eb3\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002With that in view they represented wit as the highest and surest philosophy\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3001\u6700\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0cgave special emphasis to the great truths of natural religion:\u540c\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u7136\u5b97\u6559\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u771f\u7406:God\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5b97\u6559\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7528\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u771f\u7406God\u795e\uff0cvirtue\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0cand immortality \uff0c\u4e0d\u673d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u6709\u6c38\u751f\uff0cand spoke of it as the fulfilment of all the truth found in both Judaism and Hellenism.\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5728\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u8ddf\u5e0c\u814a\u5b97\u6559\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0cfulfilment of all the truth\u6210\u5168\u4e86\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u8ddf\u5e0c\u814a\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6587\u5316\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6210\u5168\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Three task of Apologist\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<p>Their task assumed a threefold character\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e26\u6709\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u8d28\uff0cdefensive\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\uff0coffensive\u53cd\u51fb\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u653b\u7684\uff0cand constructive .\u8fd8\u6709\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u3002They defended Christianity by showing that there was no evidence for the charges brought against its adherents\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u4eec\u63a7\u544a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8cthat the offensive conduct ascribed to them was altogether inconsistent with the spirit and precepts of the Gospel\uff0c \u4eba\u4eec\u58f0\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u53cd\u611f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u548c\u89c4\u77e9\u7684\uff0c\u00a0 \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0cand that the character and lives of those who professed the Christian faith were marked by moral purity.\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u627f\u8ba4\u76f8\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u5462\u662f\u6709\u7740\u9053\u5fb7\u7eaf\u6d01\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4defense\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u8bb2\u5230\u53cd\u51fb\u3001\u53cd\u653b\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Not satisfied with a mere defence\uff0c \u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0cthey also attacked their \u00a0opponents.\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u3002They charged the Jews with a legalism that lost sight of the shadowy and typical character of much that was found in the law\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a7\u544a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b88\u4f4f\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4e49\u5c31\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u5f8b\u6cd5\u91cc\u9762\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f71\u5b50\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9884\u8868\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0cand represented its temporal \u00a0elements as permanent\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4eca\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\uff0cand with a blindness \u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5272\u793c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u52a0\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\uff0cand with a blindness that prevented them from seeing that Jesus was the Messiah \uff0c promised by the prophets\uff0c \u72b9\u592a\u6559\u5f92\u4eec\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u5c31\u662f\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u4eec\u6240\u5e94\u8bb8\u7684\uff0cand as such the fulfilment \u00a0of the law.\u8036\u7a23\u8eab\u4e3a\u5f25\u8d5b\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6210\u5168\u5f8b\u6cd5\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002Moreover \uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5982\u6b64\uff0cin their assault \u00a0on paganism\uff0c \u00a0they exposed the unworthy\uff0c absurd\uff0c and immoral character of the \u00a0heathen religion\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u653b\u51fb\u5f53\u65f6\u5e0c\u814a\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u5f02\u6559\u6559\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f02\u6559\u91cc\u7684\u3001\u5351\u8d31\u7684\u3001\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u3001\u548c\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0cand particularly \u00a0of the doctrine of the gods\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u591a\u795e\u8bba\uff0cas compared with the doctrines of the unity of God\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u795e\u8bba\uff0cHis universal providence\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u62a4\u7406\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\uff0cHis moral government\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0cand the future life.\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e00\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u771f\u795e\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u7684\u7edf\u7ba1\u4e07\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u6765\u7edf\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u8fd8\u6709\u6765\u751f\u3002Tatian saw little or no good in Greek philosophy \uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u5b89\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5219\u4e00\u65e0\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u5904\uff0cwhile Justin recognized a \u00a0true element in it\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b89\u9053\u8005\u6e38\u65af\u4e01\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0cwhich he ascribed to the logos.\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fd9\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u51e1\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u7f57\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u9053\u201d\u3002A common feature in their writings is a \u00a0blending of general and special revelation.\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u542f\u793a\u8ddf\u7279\u6b8a\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Finally\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u6027\u7684<\/p>\n<p>Finally\uff0c they also felt it incumbent on them to establish the character of Christianity \u00a0as a positive revelation of God.\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53bb\u8bbe\u7acb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002In demonstrating the reality of this revelation\uff0c they relied mainly on the argument from prophecy\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u542f\u793a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9760\u4ece\u5bd3\u8a00\u6765\u505a\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0cbut also\uff0c though in a lesser degree\uff0c on that from miracles.\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7528\u795e\u5947\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7528\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002They appealed repeatedly to the remarkable spread of the Christian religion in spite of all \u00a0resistance\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u6b21\u5730\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u867d\u7136\u6709\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6297\u62d2\u3001\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5728\u8513\u5ef6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u5999\u7684\uff0cand to the changed character and lives of its professors.\u8fd8\u6709\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u627f\u8ba4\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8ddf\u54c1\u683c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u7684\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u653b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>THEIR POSITIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TRUTH \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u771f\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Their view of philosophy and revelation\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u8ddf\u542f\u793a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>In stating the doctrine contents of \u00a0the divine revelation\uff0c\u5f53\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u795e\u5723\u201d\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65f6\u5019the Apologists did not always clearly distinguish between \u00a0general and special revelation\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u533a\u522b\u51fa\u666e\u904d\u542f\u793a\u8ddf\u7279\u6b8a\u542f\u793a\u7684\uff0cand often failed to discriminate \u00a0carefully between that which is the product of human mind and that which is supernaturally revealed.\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u6240\u542f\u793a\u7684\u3002This is due to the fact that they conceived of Christianity too much as a philosophy\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u592a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c albeit the only true philosophy\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3001\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0csuperior to all other philosophies \u00a0in that was based on revelation.\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6839\u636e\u542f\u793a\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u3002Says Hanack:\u54c8\u7eb3\u514b\u8bf4: \u2018Christianity is <em>philosophy <\/em>and <em>revelation.<\/em>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f<em>\u54f2\u5b66<\/em>\u4e5f\u662f<em>\u542f\u793a<\/em>\u3002This is the thesis of every Apologist from Aristides to Minucius Felix.\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u4eceAristides\u5230Minucius Felix\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002They regarded it as a philosophy\uff0c \u00a0because it contains a rational element\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0cand satisfactorily answers the questions that have engaged all true philosophers;\u540c\u65f6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e5f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898; but as the direct antithesis of philosophy\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\uff0csince it is free from all mere notions and opinions\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u91cc\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u610f\u89c1\uff0cand originate from s supernatural revelation.\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Their conception of God and logos.\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u62a4\u6559\u58eb\u5bf9\u795e\u548c\u5bf9\u903b\u5404\u65af\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9053\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u662f\u7b2c51\u9875\uff0c\u82f1\u658757\u9875\u5e95\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u6765\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9053\u7684\u6559\u4e49\uff0cThe Logos Theology\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfc\u706b\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ece\u6e38\u65af\u4e01\u5230\u4fc4\u5229\u6839\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4e0b\u6b21\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u6587\u5b57\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u79c1\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e26\u9886\u3001\u8bb2\u9053\u7684\u540c\u5de5\u4eec\uff1b\u672a\u7ecf\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8bf7\u52ff\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7f51\u7ad9\u6216\u5e73\u53f0\u8f6c\u8f7d\u548c\u520a\u767b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\uff1b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u9010\u5b57\u7a3f\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5f52\u300c\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u300d\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u590d\u5370\u51fa\u7248\u7b49\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u5f53\u6587\u5b57\u548c\u5f55\u97f3\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f55\u97f3\u4e3a\u51c6\u3002\u613f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8d50\u798f\u6587\u5b57\u7f16\u8f91\u548c\u6821\u5bf9\u7684\u80a2\u4f53\u6765\u96c5\u6b63\uff01\u82e5\u662f\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5949\u732e\u652f\u6301\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90ae\u4ef6\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5723\u7ea6ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The History of Christian Doctrines&#8211;Section 8 \u4f2f\u514b\u5bcc\u57fa [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[131],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-_"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10964\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}