{"id":10209,"date":"2024-05-09T07:49:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T07:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10209"},"modified":"2024-05-09T07:49:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T07:49:20","slug":"%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f_04_%e5%bd%a2%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8a%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9b%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%9b%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%9b%e4%b8%89%e4%b8%aa%e8%8c%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10209","title":{"rendered":"\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf_04_\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff1b\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff1b\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff1b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <style> #h5vp6a3e5433ed977 .h5vp_video_overlay{ top:10px; left:10px; } .popup_close_btn { display:none }.h5vp_player.popup_close .plyr { display:none }.h5vp_popup_wrapper.popup_close video { display:none }#h5vp6a3e5433ed977 video { max-width:100% 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src=\"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/video\/\u62a4\u6559\u795e\u5b66\/2021_\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\/\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf_04_\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff1b\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff1b\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff1b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mp3\">\r\n        Your browser does not support the audio element.\r\n    <\/audio>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b04 \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff1b\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff1b\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff1b\u4e09\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8bb2\uff1a\u6797\u6148\u4fe1\u7267\u5e08_\u6821\u5bf9\uff1a\u5218\u52a0\u7acb_\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u9648\u5f1f\u5144<\/p>\n<p>Philosophy and the Bible Session 4\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf\u7b2c\u56db\u8bb2\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u4e00\u8bb2\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u8fc7\u516b\u79cd\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e5d\u79cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u6709\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6709\u795e\u5417\uff1f\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e0a\u6587\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ece\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u795e\u5b58\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cdb\u795e\u8bbapantheism\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4Xenophanes\u8272\u8bfa\u82ac\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\uff0cSpinoza\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838e\uff0c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6cdb\u795e\u8bbapantheism\u3002\u53e6\u5916Whitehead\u548cHartshorne\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u6709\u795e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u795e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u53c8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u6cdb\u795e\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u795e\u7684\u91cc\u9762\uff0cpanentheism\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bbadeists\uff0cthe deism\u3002\u6709\u4e9b17\u300118\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4efb\u51ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9a\u5f8bnatural laws\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u4ecb\u5165\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8bba\u8005deists\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u662fdeism\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5584good\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u795e\u5b66\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u9020\u7269\u5de5\u5320the Demiurge\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9020\u7269\u5de5\u5320the Demiurge\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u9020\u4e86\u4e16\u754cthey formed the world in the image of the Forms\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u6210\u5f62formed the world\u3002\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7528\u201c\u795e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u52a8\u8005Prime Mover\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u745f\u4f26\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662fthat \uff0c than which nothing greater can be conceived\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u60f3\u8c61\u4e3a\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\uff0ca being\uff0c nothing greater can be conceived than that being\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6765\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u6301\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1fepistemology\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0cepistemology\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6240\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1f\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u8fa8\u771f\u4e0e\u5047\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e0e\u9519\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u548c\u5916\u8868\uff1f\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\u5c31\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e1c\u897f\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u7269\u6216\u8005\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53subject\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5ba2\u4f53object\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5ba2\u4f53\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8005\u662f\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5462\uff1f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0ctrue belief with an account\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e86account\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0caccount\u89e3\u91ca\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u6216\u8005\u7406\u7531\uff0cjustification or warrant\uff0cwarrant\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6Alvin Plantinga\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u3002Warrant\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u662fwarrantful believe\u3002 Is knowledge possible\uff1f\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u4eba\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8ba4\u77e5\u5417\uff1f\u8ba8\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u662f\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u3002Parmenides\u5e15\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5f88\u786e\u5b9e\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u7269\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8be1\u8fa9\u6d3esophists\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u8be1\u8fa9\u6d3e\u8005Protagoras\u666e\u7f57\u6cf0\u6208\u62c9\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4eba\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u5f88\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u3002man 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express what we really are\u3002\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5e45\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300bDoctrine of the Christian 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u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u884c\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ef4\u6839\u65af\u5766\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9efacts\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9efacts\u4e43\u662f\u7531\u547d\u9898\u8868\u8fbe\u7684propositions\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0cThe world is the totality of facts\uff0c not of things.\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u8ddf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u77e5\u8bc6\u624d\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6216\u8005\u9884\u8bbe\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5047\u5982\u80af\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2perspective\u3002\u7b2c21\u53f7\u7684\u6ce8\u811a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u56fe\u8868\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2perspectival diagrams\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u8868\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u638c\u63a7\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u4e34\u5728\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e0b\u6587\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u770b\u6211\u4f1a\u8bf4\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u662f\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6216\u8005\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u628a\u4f4d\u683c\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u5e26\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6ce8\u811a\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6574\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u6765\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89d2\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u4f60\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u4f1a\u6d41\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4f60\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u91cc\u56de\u8f6c\uff0c\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u6765\u4e30\u5bcc\u4f60\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u6765\u4e30\u5bcc\u4f60\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u4e3a\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206part\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u8005\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\uff0cEach is a <em>perspective <\/em>on the whole discipline of philosophy\u3002\u8bb2\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5462\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\u7684\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66biblical philosophy\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u5723\u7ecf\u6765\u770b\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u771f\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u8d77\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u8c08\u3002\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u8ddf\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u66f4\u65e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5404\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u5f88\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u54f2\u5b66\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0ccreator and creature\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4Creator-creature distinction\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0cthe first element of this worldview\uff0c\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff0cis the Creator-creature distinction itself\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728reality\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0ctwo levels of reality\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5728\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u4f1a\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5927\u7684\u5708\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5708\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5929\u8fdb\u6765\u8bfe\u5802\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\uff0c\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u5199all is water\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u6c34\uff0c\u6216\u53bb\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u751f\u5f88\u8c03\u76ae\uff0c\u5230\u5b66\u4e60\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5462\u53bb\u53a8\u623f\u70e4\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u677e\u997cpan cake\uff0c\u8d34\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u786c\u76ae\u7eb8\u5b57\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9001\u7ed9\u4ed6\u3002\u4e24\u5708\u601d\u7ef4two circle thinking\u662f\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u5bb0\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff1b\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c50\u9875\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u838eSpinoza\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u58eb\u83b1\u9a6c\u8d6b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u5927\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u521b\u9020\u5927\u5de5\uff0c\u662fcreation ex nihilo\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u521b\u9020\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u653e\u5c04emanation\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u5757\u513f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6e90\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u5f02\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u7684\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\uff0cthe universe is entirely and irrevocably distinct from 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