{"id":10156,"date":"2024-05-09T06:51:41","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10156"},"modified":"2024-05-09T06:51:41","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:51:41","slug":"%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f_%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_06_%e3%80%8a%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f%e3%80%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10156","title":{"rendered":"\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf_\u8bb2\u4e49_06_\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"

[VI] \u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66BIBLICAL PHILOSOPHY<\/strong> (14-19)<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u8d77\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

In our historical approach to philosophy, we should begin at the beginning.<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u3002<\/p>\n

And on a Christian view of things, the beginning is the creation of the world by God.<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u66f4\u65e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

The biblical doctrine of creation establishes a worldview that antedates the views of all other religions and philosophies and is also unique among them.<\/p>\n

[1] \u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269CREATOR AND CREATURE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u300e\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

The first element of this worldview is the Creator-creature distinction itself.<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

In the biblical metaphysic, there are two levels of reality: that of the Creator and that of the creature.<\/p>\n

\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u753b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u5927\u7684\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u5c0f\u7684\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u88ab\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\uff1b\u89c1\u56fe1.2\u3002
\nVan Til illustrated this relationship by two circles, the larger one representing God, the lower (and smaller) circle creation; see fig. 1.2.<\/p>\n

\u56fe1.2. \u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

Fig. 1.2.\u00a0 The Distinction between Creator and Creature<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u6df7\u6df7\u80b4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u65af\u5bbe\u8bfa\u8428\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e5f\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\uff1a\u4e3b\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u7942\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

These may never be confused (as in Spinoza, who believed that nature could be called God; Deus sive natura<\/em>): the Lord is always Lord, and the creatures are always his servants.<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u5927\u5de5\u662f\u300e\u4ece\u65e0\u6709\u521b\u9020\u300f (\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff1acreation ex nihilo, out of nothing)\u3002
\nIn Christianity, creation is ex nihilo<\/em>, \u201cout of nothing.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u6216\u653e\u5c04(emanation)\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u4e00\u5757\u513f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

The world is not an emanation from God\u2019s essence, a piece of God, as it were (as in Gnostic philosophy, for example).<\/p>\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

It is entirely and irrevocably distinct from God.<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u9020\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u76f8\u4ea4\u3002<\/p>\n

But as a creature of God, it is capable of fellowship with God.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5c42\u9762\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7edf continnum\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Nor is there anything in between the two levels (also as in Gnosticism, which posited a continuum of mediators between the highest being and the material world).<\/p>\n

\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u753b\u4e24\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u80fd\u4e0e\u7942\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u300e\u8fde\u63a5\u300f\uff0c\u7942\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

Van Til did sometimes put two vertical lines between the two circles, meaning that God was able to \u201cconnect with\u201d his creation, that he was free to act in the world and communicate with it.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b58\u6709\u5c42\u9762(level of being)\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n

But there is no third level of being, only two.<\/p>\n

[ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u597d\u53cb\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u743c\u65af\u535a\u58eb Peter Jones \u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8fdd\u80cc\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u548c\u88ab\u9020\u7269\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u5f02\u6559\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff1b\u8fd9\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u8bfa\u65af\u5e95\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u6362\u6c64\u4e0d\u6362\u836f\uff0c\u529b\u4e89\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u300f\uff0c\u672c\u4e3a\u300e\u4e00\u300f\u3002]<\/p>\n

[Footnote 22.\u00a0 My good friend Peter Jones has noted that violation of the Creator-creature distinction is rife in modern neo-paganism (\u201cNew Age thought\u201d), which (parallel to ancient Gnosticism) tries to argue that all things are one.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u743c\u65af\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e3a\u300e\u4e8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u300f(two-ism)\uff0c\u65b0\u5f02\u6559\uff08\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\uff09\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u4e3b\u4e49\u300f(one-ism)\u3002\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u300e\u4e00\u4e3b\u4e49\u300f (one-ism)\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u79f0\u8c13\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u300f(monism)\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

In that context, he describes the Christian worldview as Two-ism<\/em> and neo-pagan pantheism as One-ism<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u743c\u65af\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f53\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\nThat distinction enables him to clearly communicate some of the major problems in modern culture.<\/p>\n

\u89c1\u743c\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u743c\u65af\u7684\u4e8b\u5de5\u662f truthXchange: http:\/\/truthXchange.com<\/a>\u3002\uff09]<\/p>\n

See Peter R. Jones, Capturing the Pagan Mind<\/em> (Nashville, TN: Broadman and Holman, 2003); Peter R. Jones, One or Two: Seeing a World of Difference<\/em> (Escondido, CA: Main Entry Editions, 2010).]<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u6297\u8bae\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

Someone might object that this distinction between God and the world is not compatible with the union of God and man in Jesus Christ.<\/p>\n

\uff08\u5085\u5170\u59c6\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff09\u4f46\u6070\u6070\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u70ed\u5fc3\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff08\u795e\u6027\uff09\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

But it is in Christology that the church has made the most zealous efforts to keep God and man distinct.<\/p>\n

\u8fe6\u514b\u58a9\u4f1a\u8bae (Council of Chalcedon, A.D. 451) \u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\u91cc\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u795e\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

The Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451) declared that in Jesus there are two distinct natures, divine and human:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u6211\u4eec\u8ddf\u968f\u5723\u6559\u7236\uff0c\u540c\u5fc3\u5408\u610f\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u5ba3\u8ba4\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u795e\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff1b<\/li>\n
  2. \u771f\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u4e5f\u771f\u662f\u4eba\uff1b\u6709\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\uff1b<\/li>\n
  3. \u6309\u795e\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u7236\u672c\u8d28\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u540c\u8d28\uff0chomoousios\uff09\uff1b\u6309\u4eba\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u8d28\uff08substance\uff0cessence\uff09\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f6a\uff1b<\/li>\n
  4. \u6309\u795e\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e07\u4e16\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u7236\u6240\u751f\uff1b\u6309\u4eba\u6027\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u672b\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ef\u6551\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u7531\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u6bcd\uff0c\u7ae5\u5973\u9a6c\u5229\u4e9a<\/u>\u6240\u751f\uff1b<\/li>\n
  5. \u8fd9\u4f4d\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u795e\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\uff1b\u5177\u6709\u4e8c\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u79bb\u6563\uff1b<\/li>\n
  6. \u4e8c\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u56e0\u8054\u5408\u800c\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5404\u6027\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u5f62\u6001\uff08subsistence\uff09\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u795e\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u9053\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u662f\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\uff1b<\/li>\n
  7. \u6b63\u5982\u4f17\u5148\u77e5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u8bba\u5230\u7942\u65f6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5982\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u6559\u8bad\u6211\u4eec\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u8bf8\u5723\u6559\u7236\u7684\u4fe1\u7ecf\u6240\u4f20\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \uff08\u300e\u8fe6\u514b\u58a9\u4fe1\u7ecf\u300f\uff0c\u6458\u81ea\u8d75\u4e2d\u8f89\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\u4fe1\u6761\u7cbe\u9009\u300b\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7ffb\u8bd1\u793e\uff0c2009\uff09\uff0c6\u3002\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u68b3\u90a6\u57ce\u5e02\u95e8\u5f92\u957f\u8001\u4f1ahttps:\/\/mandarin.cdpc.org.my\/?page_id=1465<\/a> \u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u4fee\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    \u201cSo, following the saintly fathers, we all with one voice teach the confession of one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ: the same perfect in divinity and perfect in humanity the same truly God and truly man, of a rational soul and a body; con-substantial with the Father as regards his divinity, and the same consubstantial with us as regards his humanity; like us in all respects except for sin; begotten before the ages from the Father as regards his divinity, and in the last days the same for us and for our salvation from Mary, the virgin God-bearer as regards his humanity; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, no confusion, no change, no division, no separation; at no point was the difference between the two natures taken away through the union, but rather the property of both natures is preserved and comes together into a single person and a single subsistent being; he is not parted or divided into two persons, but is one and the same only-begotten Son, God, Word, Lord Jesus Christ, just as the prophets taught from the beginning about him, and as the Lord Jesus Christ himself instructed us, and as the creed of the fathers handed it down to us.<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 23.\u00a0 Dogmatics: Definition of the Council of Chalcedon, available at http:\/\/www.ewtn.com\/faith\/teachings\/incac2.htm<\/a>.\u00a0 ]<\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f\u56db\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u526f\u8bcd\uff1a\u300e\u6ca1\u6709\u6df7\u80b4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

    Notice the four Greek adverbs that are translated \u201cno confusion, no change, no division, no separation.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4eba\u6709\u7740\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u5408\uff0c\u300a\u4f3d\u514b\u58a9\u4fe1\u7ecf\u300b\u7528\u300e\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u79bb\u300f (no division, no separation)\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

    In Christ there is the most intimate possible union between God and man, which the Chalcedonian Declaration<\/em> expresses by saying that in him there is \u201cno division, no separation.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u5c31\u7b97\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u4eba\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u533a\u522b\u7684(distinct)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u300e\u6df7\u80b4\u300f\uff1b\u795e\u6027\u6216\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u300e\u6539\u53d8\u300f\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

    But even in Christ, God and man are distinct.\u00a0 They are not \u201cconfused\u201d; neither is \u201cchanged\u201d into the other.<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300e\u4ece\u65e0\u521b\u9020\u300f (creation ex nihilo) \u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    I believe that the doctrine of creation ex nihilo <\/em>is unique to biblical religion.<\/p>\n

    \u72b9\u592a\u6559\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u90fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

    Judaism and Islam give some respect to it, but that is because of the influence of the Bible on those faiths.<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u300e\u4ece\u65e0\u521b\u9020\u300f\u3002
    \nAmong \u201csecular\u201d thinkers, creation ex nihilo<\/em> is nowhere to be found.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u3002\u6211\u5728\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8457\u9875298-302\uff0c\u7528\u89e3\u7ecf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u300e\u4ece\u65e0\u521b\u9020\u300f\u8fd9\u6559\u4e49\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 24.\u00a0 My exegetical argument of creation ex nihilo<\/em> is in DG,<\/em> 298-302.]<\/p>\n

    [2] \u7edd\u5bf9\u4e09\u4f4d\u683cABSOLUTE TRI-PERSONALITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u8be0\u91ca\u6211\u5728\u300a\u795e\u5b66\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u300b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8457\u4f5c\u529b\u4e89\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u300e\u4e09\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u597d\u53cb\uff0c\u6d66\u97e6\u6069 Vern Poythress \u4e5f\u6709\u8be0\u91ca\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6551\u8d4e\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e66\u672b\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 25.\u00a0 At this point I begin to expound the tri-perspectival understanding of the world that I have previously argued in DKG<\/em> and elsewhere.\u00a0 It can also be accessed in the writings of my friend Vern S. Poythress, for example in his Redeeming Philosophy: A God-Centered Approach to the Big Questions<\/em> (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2014).\u00a0\u00a0 I will discuss Poythress at the very end of this book.]<\/p>\n

    \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u7684\u4e0a\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    Let us look now at the upper level of reality according to Scripture.<\/p>\n

    \u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u65e0\u6709\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\uff1f<\/p>\n

    What sort of being has created the world out of nothing?<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bba\u8bf4\u7684\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

    Of course, many things can be said about the nature of God.<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f4d\u683c (God is absolute personality)\u3002<\/p>\n

    But of particular philosophical importance is that God is absolute personality<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \u79f0\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u300e\u7edd\u5bf9\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u7942\u662f\u81ea\u8db3\u7684(self-sufficient)\uff0c\u81ea\u5b58\u7684 (self-existent)\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u6307\u7684\u81ea\u5b58 \uff08\u62c9\u4e01\u6587a se\uff0c\u82f1\u6587 aseity\uff09\u3002 \uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u53cd\u6cf0\u5c14\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300e\u81ea\u542b\u300fself-contained\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    To say that he is absolute is to say that he is self-sufficient, self-existent, or, as theologians say, a se<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269 [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u516d]\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u90fd\u4f9d\u9760\u7942\u3002<\/p>\n

    He therefore does not depend on anything else [Footnote 26], but everything else depends on him.<\/p>\n

    [\u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u3002\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u5bf9\u300e\u795e\u5723\u300f (divine) \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 26.\u00a0 Recall that this is Clouser\u2019s definition of divine<\/em>.]<\/p>\n

    \u6b63\u5982\u521b\u9020\u8bba\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u7942\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

    He is, as the doctrine of creation implies, the origin of all things, the First Cause.<\/p>\n

    \u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

    Absolute beings are fairly common in religious and philosophical literature.<\/p>\n

    \u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u300e\u547d\u8fd0\u300f\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u300e\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u300f\uff0c\u6015\u95e8\u5c3c\u5fb7\u7684\u300e\u5b58\u6709\u300f\uff0c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u7684\u300e\u5584\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u300f\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u7279\u7684\u300e\u7b2c\u4e00\u52a8\u8005\u300f\uff0c\u666e\u7f57\u63d0\u8bfa\u7684\u300e\u4e00\u300f\uff0c\u548c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u300e\u7edd\u5bf9\u300f\u90fd\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u300e\u81ea\u5b58\u300f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    The Greek Fate, the Hindu Brahma, Parmenides\u2019 Being, Plato\u2019s Idea of the Good, Aristotle\u2019s Prime<\/p>\n

    Mover, Plotinus\u2019s One, and Hegel\u2019s Absolute may fairly be described as absolute beings, possessing the<\/p>\n

    attribute of aseity.<\/p>\n

    [\u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u3002\u8bb0\u5f97\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u300e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u300f\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u3002\u81ea\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684 a se\uff0c\u300e\u4ece\uff08\u9760\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 27.\u00a0 Recall Clouser\u2019s definition of God as a being who is \u201cnot depend[ent] on anything else.\u201d\u00a0 The term aseity comes from the Latin a se<\/em>, \u201cfrom himself.\u201d]<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8fd8\u6709\u300e\u4f4d\u683c\u300f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    But the biblical God also has the attributes of personality<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \u7942\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u7942\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7942\u7231\uff0c\u7942\u8bf4\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

    He is not only absolute, but personal: he knows, loves, speaks.<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u7942\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\uff08\u4f4d\u683c\u4e0e\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

    So not only is he the fundamental cause of everything, but our relationship with him is the most important of all our personal relationships.<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e5f\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7942\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff1b\u8868\u8fbe\u7942\u7684\u7231\uff1b\u7942\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7f6a\u4eba\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u6551\u6069\uff1b\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u7942\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u5c31\u6551\u8d4e\u3002<\/p>\n

    He not only makes us, but tells us his will, expresses his love, provides salvation from sin and tells us what he has done to redeem.<\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u795e\u660e\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5f97\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

    Belief in personal gods can be found in many religions.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\u5374\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5c0a\u5d07\u4f4d\u683c\u6027\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5173\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u660e\u3002\u4f0a\u6bd4\u9e20\u9c81\u627f\u8ba4\u795e\u660e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u626e\u6f14\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fde\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 28.\u00a0 Not, however, in many philosophies.\u00a0 Of course, philosophies associated with religions that honor personal gods sometimes acknowledge them.\u00a0 (Epicurus admitted their existence, but did not allow them to play any role in his philosophy.)\u00a0 But even that is rare in the history of philosophy.]<\/p>\n

    \u5e0c\u814a\uff0c\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\uff0c\u8fe6\u5357\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5317\u6b27\uff0c\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8001\u65e7\u591a\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u90fd\u4fe1\u5949\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u795e\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

    The old polytheisms of Greece, Rome, Egypt, Babylon, Canaan, India, Scandinavia, Germany, and elsewhere are religions of personal gods.<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

    But those personal gods are never absolute beings.<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5b99\u65af\u548c\u8d6b\u62c9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u6012\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u4f1a\u6000\u5ac9\u5992\u3002
    \nZeus and Hera, for example, had parents, and were subject to fits of anger and jealousy.<\/p>\n

    \u591a\u795e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u795e\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u771f\u7406\uff08\u8bda\u5b9e\uff09\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

    The gods of polytheism are not a se<\/em>, not all-powerful, and certainly not paragons of morality and truth.<\/p>\n

    \u552f\u6709\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u627f\u8ba4\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

    Only biblical religion acknowledges an absolute being who is also personal.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff1a\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u72b9\u592a\u6559\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u5f02\u7aef\uff0c\u5982\u6469\u95e8\u6559\u548c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u89c1\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u663e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7edd\u5bf9\u4f4d\u683c\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 29.\u00a0 Of course, that includes Christianity, which in my view is the only true interpretation of the Bible.\u00a0 But as I noted earlier, there are also religions, such as Judaism, Islam, and the Christian heresies such as the Mormons and Jehovah\u2019s Witnesses, that carry some vestige of absolute-personality theism.]<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u5b98\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n

    So for the Christian, the Creator of the universe is also our Lord, our ultimate Judge, and our dearest friend.<\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6240\u6709\u771f\u7406\u548c\u662f\u975e\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

    So the God of the Bible is not only the First Cause, but also the ultimate standard of truth and of right.<\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

    More than this: the biblical God is not only personal, but tripersonal.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e09\u5341\u3002\u6211\u5728\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u8457\u9875619-735\uff0c\u7528\u89e3\u7ecf\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u4e09\u4e00\u8bba\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 30.\u00a0 For my exegetical account of the doctrine of the Trinity, see DG<\/em>, 619-735.]<\/p>\n

    \u7942\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u795e\u300f\uff0c\u4ee5\u300e\u4e09\u4f4d\u683c\u300f\u6c38\u5b58\uff1a\u5723\u7236\uff0c\u5723\u5b50\uff0c\u5723\u7075\u3002<\/p>\n

    He is one God in three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.<\/p>\n

    \u7942\u7684\u300e\u4e00\u300f\uff0c\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e00\u56e0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u771f\u7406\u548c\u662f\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

    His oneness is important philosophically: the world has only one First Cause, one ultimate standard of truth and right.<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u300e\u4e09\u300f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

    But God\u2019s three-ness is also important.<\/p>\n

    \u8f83\u65e9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u300f\u6216\u300e\u4f17\u300f\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u5143\u8bba\u300f
    \n\u548c\u300e\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u300f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

    As we saw earlier, philosophical metaphysicians have argued among themselves about monism and pluralism: whether the universe is one or many.<\/p>\n

    \u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u300f\u4e5f\u662f\u300e\u4f17\u300f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7942\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u662f\u300e\u4e00\u300f\u4e5f\u662f\u300e\u4f17\u300f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u300e\u4f17\u300f\uff08\u6b8a\u76f8\uff09\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u300e\u4e00\u300f\uff08\u5171\u76f8\uff09\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002
    \nVan Til\u2019s view was that because God is both one and many, he has made a world that is both one and many: that is, no unity without particulars, nor vice versa.<\/p>\n

    \u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u5b87\u5b99\u7ea6\u5316\u6210\u300e\u4e00\u300f\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b87\u5b99\u780d\u6210\u81f3\u7ec8\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u6bb5\u53bb\u5f7b\u5e95\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6ce8\u5b9a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

    Philosophical attempts to reduce the universe to one something, or to chop the world into \u201cultimate constituents,\u201d either procedure as an attempt to gain exhaustive knowledge of the world, are bound to fail.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u6cf0\u5c14\u65f6\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 31.\u00a0 I will discuss this in more detail in my discussion of Van Til in chapter 13.]<\/p>\n

    [3] \u4e3b\u6743\uff1a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

    LORDSHIP: THREE LORDSHIP ATTRIBUTES; THREE PERSPECTIVES<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4e3b\u4e0e\u88ab\u9020\u7269\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e09\u4f4d\u683c\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u9760\u7942\u7684\u88ab\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/p>\n

    What, then, is the relationship between Creator and creature, between the absolute tripersonality and those who depend on him?<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u5f62\u5bb9\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u300e\u4e3b\u6743\u300f(lordship)\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u7942\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

    I believe that the most fundamental biblical description of this relationship is lordship<\/em>: God is Lord, and creation is his servant.<\/p>\n

    [ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u3002\u53c2\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u987521-115\uff0c\u548c\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u795e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c2-6\u7ae0\uff1a\u6211\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u548c\u4e34\u5728\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e5f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u8bcd\u6c47\u6307\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300e\u541b\u738b\u300f\uff0c\u300e\u7236\u4eb2\u300f\u7b49\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f9d\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u300e\u4e3b\u6743\u300f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002]<\/p>\n

    [Footnote 32.\u00a0 For my argument for the centrality of lordship in Scripture and the nature of lordship in terms of control, authority, and presence, see DG<\/em>, 21-115, and ST, chaps. 2-6.\u00a0 Other biblical designations of God are also important, especially King<\/em> and Father<\/em>.\u00a0 In my view, these are perspectivally identical with Lord<\/em>.]<\/p>\n

    \u7167\u6211\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u53ef\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\uff1a\u300e\u638c\u63a7\u300f\uff0c\u300e\u6743\u5a01\u300f\uff0c\u548c\u300e\u4e34\u5728\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

    In my analysis, the nature of God\u2019s lordship can be summarized by the terms control, authority<\/em>, and presence<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    \u638c\u63a7CONTROL<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300e\u638c\u63a7\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u4ed6\u6709\u5927\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e07\u4e8b\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u5b9a\u610f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u8fd0\u884c\uff08\u300a\u4ee5\u5f17\u6240\u4e66\u300b1\uff1a11\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    God\u2019s control is his power to bring all things to pass according to the counsel of his will (Eph. 1:11).<\/p>\n

    \u6743\u5a01AUTHORITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u7942\u7684\u300e\u6743\u5a01\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u7942\u6709\u6743\u547d\u4ee4\u987a\u4ece\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u662f\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    His authority is his right to be obeyed, so that his control has a moral basis.<\/p>\n

    \u4e34\u5728PRESENCE<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u7942\u7684\u300e\u4e34\u5728\u300f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u7942\u4e34\u8fd1\u7942\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

    His presence is his nearness to his creation and his intimate relationships with it.<\/p>\n

    \u5723\u7ea6COVENANT<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u800c\u610f\u4e49\u6700\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u300e\u5723\u7ea6\u300f(covenant)\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u4eba\u7acb\u7ea6\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u8981\u4f5c\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8981\u4f5c\u6211\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u3002\u300f\uff08\u300a\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8bb0\u300b6\uff1a7\uff1b\u300a\u5229\u672a\u8bb0\u300b26\uff1a12\uff1b\u300a\u542f\u793a\u5f55\u300b21\uff1a3\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    The most profound relationship is the covenant, in which God says, \u201cI will be your God, and you will be my people\u201d (Ex. 6:7; Lev. 26:12; Rev. 21:3).<\/p>\n

    \u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300e\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\u300f(lordship attributes)\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u53c2\u56fe1.3\u3002<\/p>\n

    I describe these three terms as the lordship attributes<\/em>, and they are perspectivally related; see fig. 1.3.<\/p>\n

    \u6743\u5a01Authority<\/p>\n

    \u638c\u63a7Control\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4e34\u5728Presence<\/p>\n

    Fig. 1.3.\u00a0 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027The Lordship Attributes<\/p>\n

    \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u6697\u6307\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    Each of these attributes implies the others.<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u82e5\u638c\u63a7\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u7942\u5fc5\u7136\u638c\u63a7\u771f\u7406\u548c\u662f\u975e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7942\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7942\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n

    If God is control of all things, then he controls the standards for truth and right, so his control implies his authority.<\/p>\n

    \u800c\u7942\u82e5\u662f\u638c\u63a7\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u7942\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5404\u5904\u884c\u4f7f\u7942\u7684\u5927\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\uff08\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

    And if he controls all things, he exercises his power everywhere, and (for an immaterial being) that constitutes his presence.<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u5e1d\u82e5\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u638c\u63a7\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u662f\u638c\u63a7\u4e07\u7269\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u6709\u6743\u547d\u4ee4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u6216\u975e\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u987a\u4ece\u3002<\/p>\n

    If God has authority over all things, then he has control, for he has the right to command anything (personal or impersonal), and it must obey.<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8d77\u521d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7942\u4e43\u900f\u8fc7\u53d1\u53f7\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

    For example, even in the original creation he made the world by issuing commands.<\/p>\n

    \u7942\u751a\u81f3\u5429\u5490\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u300e\u8981\u6709\u5149\u300f\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5149\u3002\uff08\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b1\uff1a3\uff1b\u53c2\uff1a\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b4\uff1a17\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    He commanded even non-existent things to spring into existence (\u201clet there be light,\u201d Gen. 1:3; cf. Rom. 4:17).<\/p>\n

    \u800c\u7942\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6697\u793a\u7740\u7942\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7942\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u904d\u53ca\u4e07\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

    And his authority implies his presence, for his authority extends to all things.<\/p>\n

    \u4ed6\u7684\u4e34\u5728\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\u80fd\u9003\u8131\u7942\u7684\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u3002\uff08\u300a\u8bd7\u7bc7\u300b139\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

    His presence means that nothing in the universe can escape from his control or authority (Ps. 139).<\/p>\n

    \u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53<\/strong><\/p>\n

    LORDSHIP ATTRIBUTES AND THE TRINITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6697\u793a\u7740\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3b\u6743\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u662f\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

    The threefold pattern suggests that this account of God\u2019s lordship may be importantly related to God\u2019s Trinitarian nature, and I believe it is.<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u300e\u5f7c\u6b64\u533a\u522b\u300f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u300e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u300f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    The three persons of the Trinity are, of course, \u201cdistinct but not separate.\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u7942\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e07\u4e8b\u4e2d\u4e00\u8d77\u540c\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

    They work together in all of world history.<\/p>\n

    \u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u626e\u6f14\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u548c\u6551\u8d4e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300e\u5927\u6545\u4e8b\u300f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

    But they do play distinct roles, particularly in their relation to the world, and in the meta-narrative of creation, fall, and redemption.<\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5723\u7236\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c38\u6052\u8ba1\u5212\u91cc\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

    In general, God the Father is prominent in biblical accounts of God\u2019s eternal plan.<\/p>\n

    \u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u6765\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5723\u5b50\u4e0d\u662f\u5723\u7236\uff1b\u5723\u5b50\u987a\u670d\u5723\u7236\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

    The Son, not the Father, becomes incarnate to implement that plan in obedience to the Father.<\/p>\n

    \u5723\u7075\u6765\u300e\u4e0e\u300f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\u540c\u5728\uff0c\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u300e\u4e2d\u95f4\u300f\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c1\u8bc1\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5927\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

    Then the Spirit comes to be \u201cwith\u201d and \u201cin\u201d God\u2019s people as he bears witness to the work of Christ.<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u5206\u6697\u793a\u7740\uff0c\u5723\u7236\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300e\u6743\u5a01\u300f\uff0c\u5723\u5b50\u662f\u300e\u638c\u63a7\u8005\u300f\uff0c\u5723\u7075\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300e\u4e34\u5728\u300f\u3002
    \nThese distinctions suggest that the Father is the \u201cauthority,\u201d the Son the \u201ccontroller,\u201d and the Spirit the \u201cpresence\u201d of God.<\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u683c\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5927\u5de5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u8d77\u540c\u5de5\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    Of course, in all aspects of God\u2019s work, the three persons are involved together.<\/p>\n

    \u5723\u5b50\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u7236\u300e\u91cc\u9762\u300f\uff0c\u7236\u4e5f\u5728\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

    The Son is \u201cin\u201d the Father and the Father in him.<\/p>\n

    \u5723\u7075\u5728\u7236\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5b50\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u5723\u7075\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

    The Spirit is in the Father and the Son, and they are in him.<\/p>\n

    \u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5185\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a circumcessio, \u6216perichoresis \u3002<\/p>\n

    This mutual in-dwelling is what theologians call circumcessio <\/em>or perichoresis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    [VI] \u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u54f2\u5b66BIBLICAL PHILOSOPHY (14-19) \u6211\u4eec\u65e2\u7136\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-125"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10156"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10156\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}