{"id":10153,"date":"2024-05-09T06:47:20","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10153"},"modified":"2024-05-09T06:47:20","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:47:20","slug":"%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f_%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_07_%e4%ba%ba%e7%b1%bb%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%89%e4%b8%aa%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10153","title":{"rendered":"\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf_\u8bb2\u4e49_07_\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2"},"content":{"rendered":"

[VII] \u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE<\/strong> (19-21)<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5e1d\u82e5\u662f\u4e3b\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u90fd\u670d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7942\u7684\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u513f\u5973\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

If God is Lord, then human beings are persons subject to his lordship: servants, children, friends, citizens.<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

In all our decisions and activities, the first consideration is our relation to God.<\/p>\n

\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

EPISTEMOLOGY & GOD\u2019S LORDSHIP ATTRIBUTES <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e43\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u6709\u5173\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u89c6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u638c\u63a7\uff0c\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u548c\u4e34\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

So in the study of epistemology, for example, our knowledge is related to God\u2019s lordship in three ways: it must take account of God\u2019s control, authority, and presence.<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u89c6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

To take account of God\u2019s lordship attributes, in my view, is to think according to certain perspectives<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u8f83\u65e9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u54f2\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u662f\u7531\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

Earlier we considered the discipline of philosophy made up of the perspectives of metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory.<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4e13\u6ce8\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u91cc\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

Now I focus on epistemology and note important perspectives within that field.<\/p>\n

[ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5143\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c2\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u91cc\u53c8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89c6\u89d2\u3002]<\/p>\n

[Footnote 33.\u00a0 In a perspectival understanding of knowledge, there are perspectives within perspectives within perspectives.]<\/p>\n

[1] \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u638c\u63a7\uff1a\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2GOD\u2019S\u00a0 CONTROL \u2013 SITUATIONAL PERSPECTIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u89c6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\u90fd\u7531\u7942\u7684\u9884\u5b9a (foreordination) \u548c\u62a4\u7406\u6240\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

When we take account of God\u2019s control<\/em> of nature and history, we can see that our entire situation is governed by his foreordination and providence.<\/p>\n

[ \u6ce8\u811a\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u3002\u300e \u9884\u5b9a\u300f (foreordination) \u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6574\u4e2a\u6c38\u6052\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7942\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9884\u65e8\u3002\u300e\u62a4\u7406\u300f\u6307\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u5b9e\u73b0\u7942\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u53c2\u300a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c14\uff0c16\u7ae0\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u501f\u7740\u300e\u9884\u5b9a\u300f\u4ece\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5730\u7edf\u6cbb\u5b87\u5b99\uff1b\u501f\u7740\u300e\u62a4\u7406\u300f\u4ece\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u5305\u56f4\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u88ab\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u3002 \u00a0\u00a0\u2026\u00a0 ]<\/p>\n

[Footnote 34.\u00a0 Foreordination<\/em> includes God\u2019s eternal plan and decrees for the course of history.\u00a0 Providence<\/em> is God\u2019s action within history to bring his plan to fulfillment.\u00a0 See DG<\/em>, chaps. 14, 16.\u00a0 In foreordination, God rules \u201cfrom above;\u201d in providence, he rules \u201cfrom below.\u201d\u00a0 So his sovereignty envelops his creation.]<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\u65f6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u5883\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e43\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u300e\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f (situational perspective) \u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

As we explore that situation (both our individual situations and the whole course of nature and history), we are seeking to know the world by the situational perspective<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[2] \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff1a\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2GOD\u2019S AUTHORITY \u2013 NORMATIVE PERSPECTIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u89c6\u300e\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e43\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4e4b\u4e0b\u300f\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u88ab\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u5728\u663e\u793a\uff08\u542f\u793a\uff09\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7942\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

When we consider the world as standing under the authority<\/em> of God, we can learn that everything in creation reveals him and his will (see my study of Romans 1 in the following section).<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7814\u7a76\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u300e\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

To study the world this way is to focus on the normative perspective<\/em>.<\/p>\n

[3] \u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e34\u5728\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2GOD\u2019S PRESENCE \u2013 EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e34\u5728\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u300e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\uff1b\u53c2\u8003\u56fe1.4\u3002<\/p>\n

When we consider the world as the locus of God\u2019s presence, both outside us and within us, we are focusing on the existential perspective<\/em>; see fig. 1.4.<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n

Normative Perspective<\/p>\n

\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n

Situational Perspective\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Existential Perspective<\/p>\n

\u56fe1.4\u3002\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e09\u89c6\u89d2 \u00a0\u00a0Fig. 1.4.\u00a0 Perspectives on Human Knowledge<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE THREE CAN\u2019T BE SEPARATED; EACH INDISPENSABLE TO PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u4e3a\u300e\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

I describe these as perspectives<\/em> because they cannot be separated from one another.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u6b63\u786e\u4e86\u89e3\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u5883\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u542f\u793a\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u300e\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u300e\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

If we are to understand the situation rightly, we must understand it as the location of God\u2019s revelation, his norms; so the situational includes the normative.<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5219\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u5883\u4e0a\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300e\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u300e\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

To understand God\u2019s norms rightly, we must understand how they apply to situations and to ourselves; so the normative includes the situational and existential.<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u770b\u89c1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5927\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5904\u5883\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u670d\u5728\u7942\u7684\u5723\u7ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u884c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff08\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u300e\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u5305\u542b\u300e\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u548c\u300e\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\u300f\u3002<\/p>\n

To understand God\u2019s relationship to ourselves rightly, we must understand ourselves as part of a God-created environment (situational) and as covenant subjects made to live under God\u2019s law (normative); so the existential includes the normative and the situational.<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8131\u79bb\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8c\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u522b\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Though none of these perspectives can be separated from the others, it is helpful to distinguish them, if only to maintain a balanced view of things.<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u300e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u300f (facts)\u4e0a\uff08\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u300e\u51c6\u5219\u300f\uff08\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

A Christian philosopher should understand that we cannot have a philosophy based on fact <\/em>(situational) unless those facts are interpreted by God\u2019s norms (normative) and through the faculties of our minds (existential).<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u82e5\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\uff08\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u7b49\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

Nor can we maintain a philosophy that reduces all reality to forms<\/em> or logic<\/em> (normative) without relating these to the facts of the world and the inwardness of the human subject.<\/p>\n

\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u6b63\u89c6\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u6ca1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

Same for philosophies of feeing<\/em> (existential), which often fail to do justice to norms and to objective<\/p>\n

facts.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

So no one of these three concepts is competent to be the foundation of a philosophy, separated from the others.<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u5728\uff08\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

Each is a perspective on the whole of reality and therefore a perspective on all philosophy.<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u82e5\u8131\u79bb\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\nEach includes the other two, and none is intelligible apart from the other two.<\/p>\n

ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[VII] \u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE (19-21) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-125"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10153\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}