{"id":10138,"date":"2024-05-09T06:06:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10138"},"modified":"2024-05-09T06:06:32","modified_gmt":"2024-05-09T06:06:32","slug":"%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f_%e8%ae%b2%e4%b9%89_12_%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%88%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e5%af%b9%e7%ab%8b%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%b7%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/?p=10138","title":{"rendered":"\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5723\u7ecf_\u8bb2\u4e49_12_\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff1a\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u91cc\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272"},"content":{"rendered":"

[XII] \u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u91cc\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272<\/strong><\/p>\n

THE ANTITHESIS IN VALUES:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

PLACE OF VALUE THEORY IN CHRISTIAN CRITIQUE OF PHILOSOPHY <\/strong>(33-36)<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u8f83\u65e9\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e13\u8bba\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b(Doctrine of the Christian Life<\/em>) \u4e00\u4e66\u5df2\u4f5c\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

As I said earlier, I will not be focusing on value theory in this book, having dealt with it in much detail in DCL<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u300e\u4ef7\u503c\u300f\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

But values are an important aspect of metaphysics and epistemology, since perspectives are inseparable from one another.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u7565\u7565\u52fe\u753b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u626e\u6f14\u600e\u6837\u5730\u65b9\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

So I want to sketch a bit in this section how value theory functions in my critique of philosophy.<\/p>\n

\u8f83\u65e9\u6211\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4f26\u7406\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u91cc\uff0c\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1a\u300e\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u52e4\u594b\uff0c\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u865a\u5047\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u62a5\u5bfc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u524d\u8f88\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5ba3\u79f0\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u300f<\/p>\n

I mentioned earlier that epistemology presupposes ethics, since the quest for knowledge requires ethical values: \u201cdiscipline, diligence, respect for truth, avoidance of falsehood, honesty in reporting conclusions, humility in admitting error and inadequacy, acceptance of responsibility to give evidence for one\u2019s claims.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e5f\u529b\u4e89\u4f26\u7406\u4ef7\u503c\u4e43\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

And I have also argued that ethical values presuppose God.<\/p>\n

[ \u6ce8\u811a\u5e95\u56db\u5341\u4e94\u3002\u89c1\u6211\u7684\u300a\u536b\u9053\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u65b0\u7248\uff0c\u7b49\u3002]<\/p>\n

[Footnote 45.\u00a0 AJCB<\/em>, 95-1232; John M. Frame and Paul Kurt, \u201cDo We Need God to Be Moral?,\u201d Free Inquiry<\/em> 16, 2 (1996).\u00a0 Courtesy of the Council for Secular Humanism, http:\/\/www.secularhumanism.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Also availablea t http:\/\/frame-poythress.org\/frame_articles\/1996Debate.htm<\/a>. ]<\/p>\n

[1] \u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u9881\u5e03\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n

BIBLICAL ETHICS: ONLY A PERSON HAS AUTHORITY TO IMPOSE ETHICAL NORMS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u67c4\u5f3a\u52a0\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u5728\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

In brief: nothing impersonal has the authority to impose ethical norms.<\/p>\n

\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u683c\u624d\u6709\u8d44\u683c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u8b66\u5bdf\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u552f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\u624d\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

Only a person can do that (e.g. a mother, father, teacher, policeman), and only an absolute person can impose ultimate, universal norms.<\/p>\n

[2] \u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

RATIONALISM AND IRRATIONALISM IN NON-CHRISTIAN ETHICS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u6ce8\u811a\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5e93\u5179\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u5e1d\u800c\u5ba3\u79f0\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

Many non-Christian thinkers (such as Paul Kurtz, in the dialogue referenced below) think they can affirm absolute ethical norms without God.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5fc5\u7136\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

But their attempt inevitably fails.<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u8865\u6551\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u5426\u8ba4\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\uff08\u4f26\u7406\uff09\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

That failure can be remedied either by embracing the ethic of biblical theism or by denying that absolute norms are possible.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

So non-Christian ethical absolutism (a form of rationalism) leads to non-Christian ethical relativism (a form of irrationalism).<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e43\u6839\u636e\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

But again, irrationalism is based on rationalism and vice versa.<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u786e\u5b9e\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66 (ethical certainty)\u3002<\/p>\n

The Christian finds ethical certainty in God\u2019s revelation.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u542f\u793a\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u96be\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

But he often runs into difficulty trying to apply that revelation to the issues of life.<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u63a5\u53d7\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u524d\u4f4e\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n

He accepts that he doesn\u2019t have all the answers, and bows the knee to God\u2019s mystery.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\uff1b\u89c1\u56fe\u88681.7\u3002<\/p>\n

So in the area of values, the rectangle looks like this; see fig. 1.7.<\/p>\n

[ \u6ce8\u811a\u56db\u5341\u516d\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u987545-49\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u65b9\u5f62\u56fe\u8868\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5207\u6027\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u5185\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u8c26\u865a\u4e0e\u76fc\u671b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u7b49\u3002]<\/p>\n

[Footnote 46.\u00a0 For other applications to ethics of the rectangular diagram, see DCL<\/em>, 45-49.\u00a0 These include the absoluteness and relevance of the moral law, divine sovereignty and human responsibility, objectivity and inwardness, humility and hope, and freedom and authority in society. ]<\/p>\n

\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684<\/strong><\/p>\n

Biblical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Non-Biblical<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] \u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [3] \u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n

Difficulty of application\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ethical relativism<\/p>\n

[2] \u4f26\u7406\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [4] \u4f26\u7406\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49<\/p>\n

Ethical certainty\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ethical absolutism<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u88681.7.\u00a0 \u4f26\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

Fig. 1.7.\u00a0 Ethical Relativism and Absolutism<\/p>\n

[3] \u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u89d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

SITUATIONAL, NORMATIVE & EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES FOR ETHICS <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8f83\u65e9\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff1a\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

Earlier I mentioned the three perspectives of Christian thought: situational, normative, and existential.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u81f3\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

These three perspectives play important roles in Christian ethics.<\/p>\n

[1] \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u51c6\u5219\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

Christian ethics is normative, applying the moral laws of God given in Scripture and nature.<\/p>\n

[2] \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f\u5904\u5883\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6700\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

It is also situational, in that it analyzes the world that God has made to know how best to apply God\u2019s norms to a given situation.<\/p>\n

[3] \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u7684\uff0c \u5b83\u5904\u7406\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff08\u4eba, ethical agent\uff09\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u5728\u4f5c\u5230\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u65f6\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5904\u5883\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

It is existential, in that it deals with the ethical agent to understand his role in making ethical decisions, how he takes the norms of God and applies them to his situation.<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f5c\u6289\u62e9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff08\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\u4e2d\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u6765\u8be0\u91ca\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u501f\u7740\u5ba1\u89c6\u5904\u5883\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u610f\u5fd7\u7b49\uff09\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u548c\u5904\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

In making decisions, the Christian goes round and round the triangle, interpreting the situation by the moral law, applying the moral law by investigating the situation, and understanding both of these through his subjective faculties; see fig. 1.8.<\/p>\n

\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n

Normative Perspective<\/p>\n

\u5904\u5883\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c6\u89d2<\/p>\n

Situational Perspective\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Existential Perspective<\/p>\n

\u56fe1.8\u00a0 \u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fig. 1.8.\u00a0 Perspectives on Ethics <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f26\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff08\u5904\u5883\uff09\uff0c\u88ab\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u5305\u56f4\uff08\u51c6\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u88ab\u9020\u7684\uff08\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

Non-Christians live in the same ethical world as Christians (situational), surrounded by God\u2019s laws (normative), made in God\u2019s image (existential).<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u7528\u8c0e\u8a00\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff08\u53c2\uff1a\u300a\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u300b1\uff1a25\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

But they choose not to follow God, \u201cexchang[ing] the truth about God for a lie\u201d (Rom. 1:25).<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

As philosophers, they develop systems of ethics that do not acknowledge God\u2019s laws, his world, and themselves as his image.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5b81\u613f\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

They do not want to be confronted with God, but prefer an ethic that honors their own autonomy.<\/p>\n

[4] \u4e16\u4fd7\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5b66\u6d3eTHREE SCHOOLS OF SECULAR ETHICS <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u66fe\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u53ef\u5206\u4e09\u6d3e\uff1a\u4e49\u52a1\u8bba\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\uff0c\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

I mentioned earlier that there are three general types of secular ethics: deontologism, teleologism, and existentialism.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u76f8\u914d\uff1a\u4e49\u52a1\u8bba\u4e0e\u51c6\u5219\u89c6\u89d2\uff1b\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u4e0e\u5904\u5883\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5b58\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

These correspond, more or less, to the three perspectives of Christian thought: deontological to the normative, teleological to the situational, and existentialist to the existential.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u5f8b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u548c\u4f4d\u683c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5f20\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u4e86\u4e09\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

But in Christian ethics, there is no tension between the law, the situation, and the person, because the same God has made all three.<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\uff08\u4f4d\u683c\uff09\u5728\u7942\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7942\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

God has made the person to live in his world, under his norms.<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5904\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d23\u602a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

We might have difficulties in applying his ethical norms to ourselves and our situations, but we may not blame that problem on the nature of God\u2019s creation.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n

Non-Christians, however, do not generally recognize the need to reconcile the three perspectives.<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

They assume that because the biblical God does not exist, there may be inconsistency between the moral law, the world situation, and the moral agent.<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u5176\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

So many non-Christian philosophers adopt one or two of these perspectives and deny the other(s).<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e49\u52a1\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5ba3\u79f0\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u559c\u597d<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

So Kant the deontologist embraces the moral law and claims that morality has nothing to do with our environment or our personal inclinations.<\/p>\n

\u7c73\u52d2\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8005\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u76ee\u6807\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u53d7\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Mill the teleologist embraces what he considers to be the goal of ethics (human happiness) and denies that we are bound by rules or personal inclinations that fail to make people happy.<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8428\u7279\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f26\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff08\u6574\u5168\u6027\uff0cpersonal integriy\uff09\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff08\u6b63\u89c6\uff09\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

And Sartre the existentialist says that ethics is the expression of personal integrity, but not the affirmation of moral law or the objective world.<\/p>\n

[5] \u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5fc5\u9700\u9762\u5bf9\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

NON-BIBLICAL ETHICS MUST FACE SAME METAPHYSICAL & EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

I argued in DCL<\/em> that these systems are incoherent.<\/p>\n

\u6211\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4f26\u7406\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

My point here is that ethical philosophy is subject to the same difficulties as epistemology and metaphysics.<\/p>\n

[5.1] \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

METAPHYSICAL PROBLEMS: MAN\u2019S REASON, WILL, SUBJECTIVITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u8f83\u65e9\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff08\u77e5\u60c5\u610f\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5206\u4e3a\u7406\u667a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

In my earlier discussion of the metaphysics of the human mind, I mentioned the division among philosophers between intellectualists, voluntarists, and subjectivists.<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u8ba8\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u6d3e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u5230\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u548c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

In discussing schools of thought in epistemology, I mentioned rationalism, empiricism, and skepticism.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5b66\u6d3e\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

In Christian philosophy, the members of each triad are best seen as perspectivally related.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7ea2\uff0c\u4eba\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u5168\u7684\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

In the epistemological triad, human beings understand the world as whole persons.<\/p>\n

\u300e\u7406\u667a\u300f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u610f\u5fd7\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\uff09\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u6597\u4e89\u8981\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u795e (mind)\u3002<\/p>\n

Intellect<\/em> refers not to some faculty of the mind separate from others that wars with others for supremacy.<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u4f4d\u683c\uff09\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u53d7\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff08\u4e3b\u89c2\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

Rather, it refers to the capacity of the person to reason and gain knowledge, which is, of course, influenced by will and subjectivity.<\/p>\n

\u300e\u610f\u5fd7\u300f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4f5c\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

Will<\/em> refers not to an adversary of the intellect, but to the whole person from another perspective: the person as making choices and decisions.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6289\u62e9\u662f\u53c8\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

Those choices are influenced by his knowledge, and they in turn influence his thought processes.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u89c9\u5f97\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6240\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u300e\u4e3b\u8981\u300f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

But non-Christian philosophy, which does not recognize divine coordination of these faculties, often feels that it must choose which one is \u201cprimary.\u201d<\/p>\n

[5.2] \u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBLEMS: RATIONALISM, EMPIRICISM, SKEPTICISM<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

Same for the triad rationalism, empiricism, skepticism.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u3002<\/p>\n

In Scripture, this triad also describes the whole person in his quest for knowledge.<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u667a\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u611f\u89c9\uff1b\u4e94\u5b98\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u7406\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\uff1b\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n

Reason takes sense experience and feelings into account; sense experience can be defined only by reason; and so on.<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u610f\u4e09\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

The Christian can trust that God has designed these faculties to work as one.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

But non-Christian thinkers cannot assume that, so for them one must choose which member of the triad to follow if and when there is conflict.<\/p>\n

[6] \u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u5206\u88c2<\/strong><\/p>\n

PARTISANSHIP IN PHILOSOPHY<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5206\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n

This leads to philosophical partisanship and division.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u515a\u6d3e\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u662f\u6fc0\u53d1\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

That partisanship is what drives the history of philosophy.<\/p>\n

\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u67d0\u4e00\u6d3e\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\u3002<\/p>\n

As in politics, one party prevails at first.<\/p>\n

\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u515a\u6d3e\u5728\u4e89\u8fa9\u4e0a\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u538b\u5012\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d3e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n

But then another party scores argumentative points against the first and becomes dominant.<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

Yet in secular philosophy, none of these questions is ever answered.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff08\u9664\u4e86\uff1a\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff01\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

In other disciplines, such as astronomy, history, geology, and linguistics one can trace progress to some extent (except when their questions are linked to philosophical questions).<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u548c\u67cf\u62c9\u56fe\u548c\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u7279\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

But in philosophy itself, thinkers today discuss essentially the same questions that Plato and Aristotle did.<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6697\u793a\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u9519\u5f2f\u7684\u5386\u53f2(a history of wrong turns)\u3002<\/p>\n

That interesting fact suggests that the history of philosophy might be to an extent a history of wrong turns.<\/p>\n

ccnci.org\u4e2d\u534e\u5c55\u671b\u5723\u7ea6\u5b66\u9662 HorizonCovenant@gmail.com\uff08PayPal\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[XII] \u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff1a \u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u91cc\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272 THE ANTITHESIS […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[125],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-125"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10138\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccnci.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}